copy(web): replace em dashes in public copy

Rewrites every visitor-facing string that used an em dash, choosing the punctuation for what the dash was doing: a colon before a list or explanation, a comma for an aside, a full stop between two thoughts, parentheses for an aside mid-sentence. Covers page titles and meta descriptions, the home and admissions guide copy, school page headings and notes, the compare page, metric labels and tooltips. Two rewrites also fix the sentence around them: the closure banner no longer repeats "proposed for closure", and the cut-off caveat's list of priorities now parses. A lone dash marking a missing value in a table cell stays: it is a data convention, not prose. A Jest guard walks the source with the TypeScript parser and fails on any other em dash in a string or JSX text node. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Merge pull request 'fix(web): lift the mobile jump sheet above the bottom tab bar' (#154 ) from fix/jump-sheet-under-bottom-bar into main
2026-09-24 22:04:27 +01:00 · 2026-09-22 19:55:00 +00:00 · 2026-09-22 20:43:58 +01:00 · 2026-09-22 20:35:25 +01:00 · 2026-09-22 14:55:16 +00:00 · 2026-09-22 15:13:32 +01:00
58 changed files with 800 additions and 550 deletions
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ from .data_loader import get_data_info as get_db_info
 from . import flags
 from .places import build_place_index, build_place_registry, places_for_urn
 from .schemas import METRIC_DEFINITIONS, PHASE_GROUPS, RANKING_COLUMNS, SCHOOL_COLUMNS
-from .similar_schools import is_secondary_phase, select_similar
+from .nearby_schools import select_nearby
 from .utils import clean_for_json, convert_to_native

 # Values to exclude from filter dropdowns (empty strings, non-applicable labels)
@@ -266,25 +266,23 @@ def _places_payload(urn: int) -> list[dict]:
    return payload


-def _similar_schools_payload(urn: int, phase: str | None) -> list[dict]:
-    """Nearby schools this page may offer as alternatives.
+def _nearby_schools_payload(urn: int) -> list[dict]:
+    """The nearest eligible schools this page may offer, closest first.
+
+    Phase and reach are read from the school's own row inside select_nearby,
+    so nothing here can hand it a phase that disagrees with the data.

    Wrapped: a failure in selection must never 500 a page that is otherwise
    complete, which is the posture get_supplementary_data already takes. The
    section simply does not render.
    """
    try:
-        # Decided in similar_schools, beside the PHASE_GROUPS bucket it selects
-        # from, so the two cannot drift. A substring test for "secondary" here
-        # would miss "16 plus" and hand a sixth-form college the primary bucket.
-        return select_similar(
-            load_latest_school_data(), int(urn), is_secondary_phase(phase)
-        )
+        return select_nearby(load_latest_school_data(), int(urn))
    except Exception:
        import logging

        logging.getLogger(__name__).exception(
-            "Similar schools selection failed for urn=%s", urn
+            "Nearby schools selection failed for urn=%s", urn
        )
        return []

@@ -999,11 +997,10 @@ async def get_school_details(request: Request, urn: int):
        # and authority both fall below the publish threshold has nowhere to
        # point, and the page renders without the module.
        "places": _places_payload(urn),
-        # Nearby schools of the same phase and a comparable intake. Always
-        # present on a build with this code; the frontend treats absent and
-        # empty identically, which is what lets the two images deploy
-        # independently.
-        "similar_schools": _similar_schools_payload(urn, latest.get("phase")),
+        # The nearest eligible schools, closest first. Always present on a
+        # build with this code; the frontend treats absent and empty
+        # identically, which is what lets the two images deploy independently.
+        "nearby_schools": _nearby_schools_payload(urn),
        "yearly_data": clean_for_json(school_data),
        # Supplementary data (null if not yet populated by Kestra)
        "ofsted": supplementary.get("ofsted"),
@@ -1,17 +1,24 @@
 """Which nearby schools a detail page may offer as alternatives.

-Two kinds of rule, and they are not interchangeable.
+HARD FILTERS decide eligibility, and encode claims the section is not allowed
+to make. A selective school is not an alternative to a non-selective one, a
+special school is not comparable to a mainstream one, and a Girls school is not
+an option for a Boys school's reader. They never relax, at any distance, even
+where that means the section does not render at all.

-HARD FILTERS encode claims the section is not allowed to make. A selective
-school is not an alternative to a non-selective one, a special school is not
-comparable to a mainstream one, and a Girls school is not an option for a Boys
-school's reader. These never relax, at any distance, even where that means the
-section does not render at all.
+DISTANCE decides the order, and nothing else does.

-SOFT PREFERENCES describe how closely an intake resembles this school's. They
-relax in tiers, and every card reports the tier that actually took it so the
-page can say what is shared rather than implying more. They relax only far
-enough to reach a usable set, never far enough to fill the last of the slots.
+An earlier version ranked by intake similarity first and used distance only as
+a tiebreak. That put a Catholic school 2.9 miles away above the community
+school 0.3 miles down the road, and — because the row filled from the best tier
+before widening — filled all six slots with faith matches while omitting every
+school a parent could actually walk to. For a primary, a school that far is not
+a weaker option; it is not an option. Distance is a constraint and intake is a
+preference, and the ranking now says so.
+
+Similarity survives as `shared`: what a candidate genuinely has in common with
+this school, reported on its card, so a reader applies their own weighting
+instead of having ours applied for them.

 Pure functions over a DataFrame: no I/O, no FastAPI, no database.
 """
@@ -25,19 +32,21 @@ import pandas as pd

 from .schemas import PHASE_GROUPS

-# A cap, not a quota: the section shows everything that qualified at the tiers
-# it used, up to this many. Three fit the row; the rest are behind the arrows.
+# Three fit the row; the rest are behind the carousel arrows.
 MAX_SCHOOLS = 6
-# Tiers stop relaxing once this many have been found. Without it, a cap of six
-# would reliably drag in tier-3 schools ten miles away to fill a row that three
-# good matches had already earned.
-ENOUGH = 3
 MINIMUM = 2

-# (tier, radius in miles). Faith relaxes before gender: a faith mismatch
-# changes the character of a school, while a gender mismatch can mean the
-# school is not available to this reader's child at all.
-TIERS: tuple[tuple[int, float], ...] = ((1, 3.0), (2, 5.0), (3, 10.0))
+# How far the section will reach, in miles, when nothing closer exists.
+#
+# A sanity bound rather than a target: ordering by distance already handles
+# density, so a school in a dense area fills all six slots inside a mile and
+# never sees this. It decides one thing — what happens where the area is
+# sparse — and the answer differs by phase because catchments do. Primary
+# catchments are routinely under a mile; beyond two, a primary is not a weaker
+# option but not an option, and no section is the honest answer.
+PRIMARY_RADIUS_MILES = 2.0
+SECONDARY_RADIUS_MILES = 6.0
+POST16_RADIUS_MILES = 10.0

 EARTH_RADIUS_MILES = 3958.8

@@ -80,15 +89,6 @@ def genders_compatible(a: str | None, b: str | None) -> bool:
    return not (left in single and right in single and left != right)


-def phase_label(phase: str | None) -> str:
-    text = (phase or "").strip()
-    if not text:
-        return "School"
-    if text.lower() == "all-through":
-        return "All-through school"
-    return f"{text.capitalize()} school"
-
-
 def is_secondary_phase(phase: str | None) -> bool:
    """Whether this phase takes the secondary side: secondary group membership,
    minus all-through.
@@ -107,6 +107,13 @@ def is_secondary_phase(phase: str | None) -> bool:
    return text != "all-through" and text in PHASE_GROUPS["secondary"]


+def radius_miles(phase: str | None) -> float:
+    """How far this phase's section will reach when nothing closer exists."""
+    if (phase or "").strip().lower() == "16 plus":
+        return POST16_RADIUS_MILES
+    return SECONDARY_RADIUS_MILES if is_secondary_phase(phase) else PRIMARY_RADIUS_MILES
+
+
 def _phase_group(is_secondary: bool) -> set[str]:
    return PHASE_GROUPS["secondary" if is_secondary else "primary"]

@@ -144,26 +151,45 @@ def _mask(series: pd.Series, predicate) -> pd.Series:
    return pd.Series([predicate(value) for value in series], index=series.index, dtype=bool)


-def _chips(subject: pd.Series, candidate: pd.Series, tier: int, is_secondary: bool) -> list[str]:
-    if tier >= 3:
-        return [phase_label(candidate.get("phase"))]
+def _shared(subject: pd.Series, candidate: pd.Series, is_secondary: bool) -> list[str]:
+    """What this candidate genuinely has in common with the subject.
+
+    Empty is a real answer, and renders no chips at all. A card claiming a
+    shared characteristic it does not have would be worse than a bare one —
+    and since these no longer affect the order, an empty list costs the school
+    nothing but its place in the row, which distance already decided.
+    """
+    shared: list[str] = []
+
+    gender = str(subject.get("gender") or "").strip()
+    if gender and str(candidate.get("gender") or "").strip().lower() == gender.lower():
+        shared.append(gender)

-    chips = [str(subject.get("gender") or "").strip()]
    if is_secondary:
-        policy = (candidate.get("admissions_policy") or "").strip()
-        if policy and policy.lower() not in {"not applicable", "unknown"}:
-            chips.append(policy)
-    if tier == 1:
-        chips.append(faith_label(candidate.get("religious_denomination")))
-    return [chip for chip in chips if chip]
+        policy = str(candidate.get("admissions_policy") or "").strip()
+        subject_policy = str(subject.get("admissions_policy") or "").strip()
+        if (
+            policy
+            and policy.lower() == subject_policy.lower()
+            and policy.lower() not in {"not applicable", "unknown"}
+        ):
+            shared.append(policy)
+
+    if faith_key(candidate.get("religious_denomination")) == faith_key(
+        subject.get("religious_denomination")
+    ):
+        shared.append(faith_label(candidate.get("religious_denomination")))
+
+    return shared


-def select_similar(frame: pd.DataFrame, urn: int, is_secondary: bool) -> list[dict]:
-    """Up to MAX_SCHOOLS nearby schools this page may offer, or [] below MINIMUM.
+def select_nearby(frame: pd.DataFrame, urn: int) -> list[dict]:
+    """The nearest eligible schools, closest first — at most MAX_SCHOOLS, and
+    none at all below MINIMUM.

-    Selected by tier, displayed by distance: the tier decides which schools
-    earn a slot, and the render order is then closest-first, because "nearby"
-    is the promise in the heading.
+    The phase is read from the subject's own row rather than passed in, so a
+    caller cannot hand this a phase that disagrees with the data it selects
+    from.
    """
    subject_rows = frame[frame["urn"] == urn]
    if subject_rows.empty:
@@ -174,6 +200,9 @@ def select_similar(frame: pd.DataFrame, urn: int, is_secondary: bool) -> list[di
    if lat is None or lon is None:
        return []

+    phase = subject.get("phase")
+    is_secondary = is_secondary_phase(phase)
+    reach = radius_miles(phase)
    metric_key = "attainment_8_score" if is_secondary else "rwm_expected_pct"

    candidates = frame[frame["urn"] != urn].copy()
@@ -208,42 +237,12 @@ def select_similar(frame: pd.DataFrame, urn: int, is_secondary: bool) -> list[di
        lat, lon, candidates["latitude"].values, candidates["longitude"].values
    ).round(1)

-    # ── Soft preferences, in tiers ──────────────────────────────────────
-    subject_faith = faith_key(subject.get("religious_denomination"))
-    subject_gender_key = (subject_gender or "").strip().lower()
-    same_gender = candidates["gender"].fillna("").str.strip().str.lower() == subject_gender_key
-    same_faith = _mask(
-        candidates["religious_denomination"], lambda d: faith_key(d) == subject_faith
-    )
-
-    tier_masks = {
-        1: same_gender & same_faith,
-        2: same_gender,
-        3: pd.Series(True, index=candidates.index),
-    }
-
-    # Descend the tiers only until the set reaches ENOUGH. The tier that gets
-    # there is the last one opened, and the remaining slots up to MAX_SCHOOLS
-    # are filled from the tiers already used — never by widening again.
-    picked: dict[int, tuple[int, pd.Series]] = {}
-    for tier, radius in TIERS:
-        within = candidates[tier_masks[tier] & (candidates["distance_miles"] <= radius)]
-        for _, row in within.sort_values("distance_miles").iterrows():
-            candidate_urn = int(row["urn"])
-            if candidate_urn in picked:
-                continue
-            picked[candidate_urn] = (tier, row)
-            if len(picked) >= MAX_SCHOOLS:
-                break
-        if len(picked) >= ENOUGH:
-            break
-
-    if len(picked) < MINIMUM:
+    # ── Nearest first, and nothing else has a say ───────────────────────
+    within = candidates[candidates["distance_miles"] <= reach]
+    if len(within) < MINIMUM:
        return []

-    selected = sorted(
-        picked.values(), key=lambda pair: float(pair[1]["distance_miles"])
-    )[:MAX_SCHOOLS]
+    selected = within.sort_values(["distance_miles", "urn"]).head(MAX_SCHOOLS)
    return [
        {
            "urn": int(row["urn"]),
@@ -251,11 +250,10 @@ def select_similar(frame: pd.DataFrame, urn: int, is_secondary: bool) -> list[di
            "distance_miles": float(row["distance_miles"]),
            "school_type": _native(row.get("school_type")),
            "age_range": _native(row.get("age_range")),
-            "shared": _chips(subject, row, tier, is_secondary),
-            "tier": tier,
+            "shared": _shared(subject, row, is_secondary),
            "metric_value": _native(row.get(metric_key)),
            "metric_key": metric_key,
            "metric_year": _native(row.get("year")),
        }
-        for tier, row in selected
+        for _, row in selected.iterrows()
    ]
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ RANKING_COLUMNS = [
 # include. All-through schools appear in both primary and secondary results,
 # which is why this is a set per phase rather than a single string comparison.
 #
-# Lives here rather than in app.py because similar_schools.py needs it too, and
+# Lives here rather than in app.py because nearby_schools.py needs it too, and
 # importing app from there would be a cycle.
 PHASE_GROUPS: dict[str, set[str]] = {
    "primary": {"primary", "middle deemed primary", "all-through"},
@@ -1,19 +1,26 @@
-"""Selection rules for the "similar schools nearby" section.
+"""Selection rules for the nearby-schools section.

-The hard filters encode claims the section is not allowed to make — that a
+Hard filters encode claims the section is not allowed to make — that a
 selective school is an alternative to a non-selective one, that a special
 school is comparable to a mainstream one, or that a Girls school is an option
-for a Boys school's reader. They never relax. The soft preferences describe
-how close the intake is, and they do — but only far enough to reach a usable
-set, never far enough to fill the last of the six slots.
+for a Boys school's reader. They decide who is eligible.
+
+Distance decides the order, and nothing else does. An earlier version ranked by
+intake similarity first, which put a Catholic school 2.9 miles away above the
+community school 0.3 miles down the road — for a primary, a school that far is
+not a weaker option, it is not an option. Similarity is now reported on the
+card and never reorders the row.
 """

 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd

-from backend.similar_schools import is_secondary_phase, select_similar
+from backend.nearby_schools import (
+    is_secondary_phase,
+    radius_miles,
+    select_nearby,
+)

-# Roughly 0.7 miles apart in latitude at this longitude.
 BASE_LAT, BASE_LON = 51.5000, -0.1000


@@ -48,16 +55,68 @@ def _at(miles):
    return BASE_LAT + miles / 69.0


-def test_returns_nearest_same_phase_schools():
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Order: distance, and only distance
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_returns_nearest_first():
    frame = _frame(
        _row(100001, "Subject"),
-        _row(100002, "Near", latitude=_at(0.5)),
-        _row(100003, "Mid", latitude=_at(1.0)),
-        _row(100004, "Far", latitude=_at(2.0)),
+        _row(100002, "Mid", latitude=_at(1.0)),
+        _row(100003, "Near", latitude=_at(0.4)),
+        _row(100004, "Far", latitude=_at(1.8)),
    )
-    result = select_similar(frame, 100001, is_secondary=False)
-    assert [s["urn"] for s in result] == [100002, 100003, 100004]
-    assert result[0]["distance_miles"] == 0.5
+    result = select_nearby(frame, 100001)
+    assert [s["urn"] for s in result] == [100003, 100002, 100004]
+    assert result[0]["distance_miles"] == 0.4
+
+
+def test_a_faith_match_never_outranks_a_closer_school():
+    """The reported defect. A Catholic primary surrounded by Catholic primaries
+    showed six of them and omitted the community school down the road."""
+    frame = _frame(
+        _row(100001, "St Jude's RC Primary", religious_denomination="Roman Catholic"),
+        _row(100002, "Elm Grove Primary", religious_denomination="None", latitude=_at(0.3)),
+        _row(100003, "Holy Cross RC", religious_denomination="Roman Catholic", latitude=_at(0.8)),
+        _row(100004, "Sacred Heart RC", religious_denomination="Roman Catholic", latitude=_at(1.2)),
+        _row(100005, "St Peter's RC", religious_denomination="Roman Catholic", latitude=_at(1.6)),
+    )
+    result = select_nearby(frame, 100001)
+    assert result[0]["urn"] == 100002, "the nearest school leads, whatever its intake"
+    assert [s["distance_miles"] for s in result] == sorted(s["distance_miles"] for s in result)
+
+
+def test_the_nearest_eligible_school_is_always_shown():
+    """Whatever else changes, a section titled "nearby" cannot omit the nearest
+    school while listing one four times further away."""
+    frame = _frame(
+        _row(100001, "Subject", gender="Boys", religious_denomination="Roman Catholic"),
+        _row(100002, "Nearest", gender="Mixed", religious_denomination="None", latitude=_at(0.2)),
+        *[
+            _row(100010 + n, f"Match {n}", gender="Boys",
+                 religious_denomination="Roman Catholic", latitude=_at(0.9 + n * 0.1))
+            for n in range(6)
+        ],
+    )
+    assert select_nearby(frame, 100001)[0]["urn"] == 100002
+
+
+def test_caps_at_six_taking_the_nearest():
+    frame = _frame(
+        _row(100001, "Subject"),
+        *[_row(100010 + n, f"Peer {n}", latitude=_at(0.1 * (n + 1))) for n in range(7)],
+    )
+    result = select_nearby(frame, 100001)
+    assert len(result) == 6
+    assert 100016 not in {s["urn"] for s in result}, "the seventh-nearest is the one dropped"
+
+
+def test_fewer_than_two_matches_returns_empty():
+    frame = _frame(
+        _row(100001, "Subject"),
+        _row(100002, "Only neighbour", latitude=_at(0.5)),
+    )
+    assert select_nearby(frame, 100001) == []


 def test_excludes_the_subject_school():
@@ -66,19 +125,66 @@ def test_excludes_the_subject_school():
        _row(100002, "A", latitude=_at(0.5)),
        _row(100003, "B", latitude=_at(0.6)),
    )
-    assert 100001 not in {s["urn"] for s in select_similar(frame, 100001, is_secondary=False)}
+    assert 100001 not in {s["urn"] for s in select_nearby(frame, 100001)}


+def test_a_school_is_never_listed_twice():
+    frame = _frame(
+        _row(100001, "Subject"),
+        _row(100002, "A", latitude=_at(0.5)),
+        _row(100003, "B", latitude=_at(0.6)),
+    )
+    result = select_nearby(frame, 100001)
+    assert len(result) == len({s["urn"] for s in result})
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Reach: a sanity bound, not a target
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_primary_does_not_reach_past_two_miles():
+    frame = _frame(
+        _row(100001, "Subject"),
+        _row(100002, "Just inside", latitude=_at(1.9)),
+        _row(100003, "Just outside", latitude=_at(2.4)),
+        _row(100004, "Miles away", latitude=_at(4.0)),
+    )
+    # One inside the cap is below the minimum, so nothing renders at all —
+    # a primary with nothing within two miles has no nearby schools.
+    assert select_nearby(frame, 100001) == []
+
+
+def test_secondary_reaches_further_than_primary():
+    frame = _frame(
+        _row(100001, "Subject", phase="Secondary"),
+        _row(100002, "A", phase="Secondary", latitude=_at(3.0)),
+        _row(100003, "B", phase="Secondary", latitude=_at(5.5)),
+    )
+    assert {s["urn"] for s in select_nearby(frame, 100001)} == {100002, 100003}
+
+
+def test_the_cap_follows_the_phase():
+    assert radius_miles("Primary") == 2.0
+    assert radius_miles("Middle deemed primary") == 2.0
+    assert radius_miles("All-through") == 2.0
+    assert radius_miles("Secondary") == 6.0
+    assert radius_miles("Middle deemed secondary") == 6.0
+    # Post-16 is the phase people travel furthest for.
+    assert radius_miles("16 plus") == 10.0
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Hard filters: eligibility, never order
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 def test_selective_never_meets_non_selective():
    frame = _frame(
        _row(100001, "Grammar", phase="Secondary", admissions_policy="Selective"),
        _row(100002, "Comp A", phase="Secondary", admissions_policy="Non-selective", latitude=_at(0.5)),
        _row(100003, "Comp B", phase="Secondary", admissions_policy="Non-selective", latitude=_at(0.6)),
    )
-    assert select_similar(frame, 100001, is_secondary=True) == []
-
-    reverse = select_similar(frame, 100002, is_secondary=True)
-    assert 100001 not in {s["urn"] for s in reverse}
+    assert select_nearby(frame, 100001) == []
+    assert 100001 not in {s["urn"] for s in select_nearby(frame, 100002)}


 def test_special_schools_match_only_each_other():
@@ -87,8 +193,8 @@ def test_special_schools_match_only_each_other():
        _row(100002, "Mainstream A", latitude=_at(0.5)),
        _row(100003, "Mainstream B", latitude=_at(0.6)),
    )
-    assert select_similar(frame, 100001, is_secondary=False) == []
-    assert select_similar(frame, 100002, is_secondary=False) == []
+    assert select_nearby(frame, 100001) == []
+    assert select_nearby(frame, 100002) == []


 def test_boys_never_meets_girls():
@@ -98,7 +204,7 @@ def test_boys_never_meets_girls():
        _row(100003, "Mixed School", gender="Mixed", latitude=_at(0.6)),
        _row(100004, "Another Mixed", gender="Mixed", latitude=_at(0.7)),
    )
-    urns = {s["urn"] for s in select_similar(frame, 100001, is_secondary=False)}
+    urns = {s["urn"] for s in select_nearby(frame, 100001)}
    assert 100002 not in urns
    assert urns == {100003, 100004}

@@ -111,80 +217,7 @@ def test_closed_schools_and_missing_coordinates_are_dropped():
        _row(100004, "Good A", latitude=_at(0.6)),
        _row(100005, "Good B", latitude=_at(0.7)),
    )
-    assert {s["urn"] for s in select_similar(frame, 100001, is_secondary=False)} == {100004, 100005}
-
-
-def test_tiers_relax_faith_before_gender():
-    frame = _frame(
-        _row(100001, "Subject", gender="Boys", religious_denomination="Roman Catholic"),
-        # Tier 1: same gender and same faith.
-        _row(100002, "Tier one", gender="Boys", religious_denomination="Roman Catholic", latitude=_at(2.0)),
-        # Tier 2: same gender, different faith — closer, but a weaker match.
-        _row(100003, "Tier two", gender="Boys", religious_denomination="None", latitude=_at(0.5)),
-        # Tier 3: mixed gender, different faith.
-        _row(100004, "Tier three", gender="Mixed", religious_denomination="None", latitude=_at(0.6)),
-    )
-    result = select_similar(frame, 100001, is_secondary=False)
-    tier_by_urn = {s["urn"]: s["tier"] for s in result}
-    assert tier_by_urn == {100002: 1, 100003: 2, 100004: 3}
-    # Selected by tier, displayed by distance.
-    assert [s["urn"] for s in result] == [100003, 100004, 100002]
-
-
-def test_caps_at_six_taking_the_nearest():
-    frame = _frame(
-        _row(100001, "Subject"),
-        *[_row(100010 + n, f"Peer {n}", latitude=_at(0.1 * (n + 1))) for n in range(7)],
-    )
-    result = select_similar(frame, 100001, is_secondary=False)
-    assert len(result) == 6
-    # The seventh-nearest is the one dropped, not an arbitrary one.
-    assert 100016 not in {s["urn"] for s in result}
-
-
-def test_tiers_stop_once_enough_are_found():
-    """Four tier-1 matches are a usable set, so tier 2 is never opened — even
-    though it holds a school that is closer than any of them."""
-    frame = _frame(
-        _row(100001, "Subject", religious_denomination="Roman Catholic"),
-        _row(100002, "RC one", religious_denomination="Roman Catholic", latitude=_at(0.5)),
-        _row(100003, "RC two", religious_denomination="Roman Catholic", latitude=_at(0.6)),
-        _row(100004, "RC three", religious_denomination="Roman Catholic", latitude=_at(0.7)),
-        _row(100005, "RC four", religious_denomination="Roman Catholic", latitude=_at(0.8)),
-        # Closer than every one of them, but only a tier-2 match.
-        _row(100006, "Secular and nearer", religious_denomination="None", latitude=_at(0.2)),
-    )
-    result = select_similar(frame, 100001, is_secondary=False)
-    assert 100006 not in {s["urn"] for s in result}
-    assert len(result) == 4
-    assert all(s["tier"] == 1 for s in result)
-
-
-def test_a_school_is_never_taken_twice():
-    frame = _frame(
-        _row(100001, "Subject"),
-        _row(100002, "A", latitude=_at(0.5)),
-        _row(100003, "B", latitude=_at(0.6)),
-    )
-    result = select_similar(frame, 100001, is_secondary=False)
-    assert len(result) == len({s["urn"] for s in result})
-
-
-def test_fewer_than_two_matches_returns_empty():
-    frame = _frame(
-        _row(100001, "Subject"),
-        _row(100002, "Only neighbour", latitude=_at(0.5)),
-    )
-    assert select_similar(frame, 100001, is_secondary=False) == []
-
-
-def test_beyond_the_widest_radius_is_not_offered():
-    frame = _frame(
-        _row(100001, "Subject"),
-        _row(100002, "A", latitude=_at(11.0)),
-        _row(100003, "B", latitude=_at(12.0)),
-    )
-    assert select_similar(frame, 100001, is_secondary=False) == []
+    assert {s["urn"] for s in select_nearby(frame, 100001)} == {100004, 100005}


 def test_all_through_is_offered_on_both_phase_sides():
@@ -193,14 +226,14 @@ def test_all_through_is_offered_on_both_phase_sides():
        _row(100002, "All through", phase="All-through", latitude=_at(0.5)),
        _row(100003, "Primary peer", phase="Primary", latitude=_at(0.6)),
    )
-    assert 100002 in {s["urn"] for s in select_similar(frame, 100001, is_secondary=False)}
+    assert 100002 in {s["urn"] for s in select_nearby(frame, 100001)}

    secondary = _frame(
        _row(100010, "Secondary subject", phase="Secondary"),
        _row(100002, "All through", phase="All-through", latitude=_at(0.5)),
        _row(100011, "Secondary peer", phase="Secondary", latitude=_at(0.6)),
    )
-    assert 100002 in {s["urn"] for s in select_similar(secondary, 100010, is_secondary=True)}
+    assert 100002 in {s["urn"] for s in select_nearby(secondary, 100010)}


 def test_sixteen_plus_is_matched_against_secondary_not_primary():
@@ -212,11 +245,10 @@ def test_sixteen_plus_is_matched_against_secondary_not_primary():
        _row(100001, "Sixth Form College", phase="16 plus", age_range="16-19"),
        _row(100002, "Nearby Secondary", phase="Secondary", latitude=_at(0.5),
             attainment_8_score=52.0),
-        _row(100003, "Nearby College", phase="16 plus", latitude=_at(0.6),
-             attainment_8_score=np.nan),
+        _row(100003, "Nearby College", phase="16 plus", latitude=_at(0.6)),
        _row(100004, "Nearby Primary", phase="Primary", latitude=_at(0.1)),
    )
-    result = select_similar(frame, 100001, is_secondary=is_secondary_phase("16 plus"))
+    result = select_nearby(frame, 100001)
    urns = {s["urn"] for s in result}
    assert 100004 not in urns, "a primary school is not a peer for a sixth form"
    assert urns == {100002, 100003}
@@ -224,18 +256,20 @@ def test_sixteen_plus_is_matched_against_secondary_not_primary():


 def test_is_secondary_phase_agrees_with_the_phase_groups_it_selects_from():
-    """The two must not drift: whatever this calls secondary decides which
-    PHASE_GROUPS bucket the candidates come from."""
    for phase in ("Secondary", "Middle deemed secondary", "16 plus"):
        assert is_secondary_phase(phase) is True, phase
    for phase in ("Primary", "Middle deemed primary", "Nursery", "", None):
        assert is_secondary_phase(phase) is False, phase
    # In PHASE_GROUPS an all-through school is on both sides, but it renders
-    # with the primary template, and the metric follows the template.
+    # with the primary template, and the metric follows the phase side.
    assert is_secondary_phase("All-through") is False


-def test_chips_state_only_what_the_tier_earned():
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# What the card reports
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_shared_lists_only_what_is_actually_shared():
    frame = _frame(
        _row(100001, "Subject", phase="Secondary", gender="Mixed",
             religious_denomination="None", admissions_policy="Non-selective"),
@@ -244,28 +278,47 @@ def test_chips_state_only_what_the_tier_earned():
        _row(100003, "Faith differs", phase="Secondary", gender="Mixed",
             religious_denomination="Church of England", admissions_policy="Non-selective", latitude=_at(0.6)),
    )
-    by_urn = {s["urn"]: s for s in select_similar(frame, 100001, is_secondary=True)}
+    by_urn = {s["urn"]: s for s in select_nearby(frame, 100001)}
    assert by_urn[100002]["shared"] == ["Mixed", "Non-selective", "No religious character"]
    assert by_urn[100003]["shared"] == ["Mixed", "Non-selective"]


-def test_tier_three_chip_is_the_plain_phase():
+def test_a_shared_faith_is_named():
    frame = _frame(
-        _row(100001, "Subject", gender="Boys"),
-        _row(100002, "A", gender="Mixed", latitude=_at(0.5)),
-        _row(100003, "B", gender="Mixed", latitude=_at(0.6)),
+        _row(100001, "Subject", religious_denomination="Roman Catholic"),
+        _row(100002, "Also RC", religious_denomination="Roman Catholic", latitude=_at(0.4)),
+        _row(100003, "Secular", religious_denomination="None", latitude=_at(0.5)),
    )
-    result = select_similar(frame, 100001, is_secondary=False)
-    assert all(s["shared"] == ["Primary school"] for s in result)
+    by_urn = {s["urn"]: s for s in select_nearby(frame, 100001)}
+    assert "Roman Catholic" in by_urn[100002]["shared"]
+    assert by_urn[100003]["shared"] == ["Mixed"]


-def test_metric_follows_the_template_not_the_neighbour():
+def test_shared_is_empty_when_nothing_is_shared():
+    frame = _frame(
+        _row(100001, "Subject", gender="Boys", religious_denomination="Roman Catholic"),
+        _row(100002, "A", gender="Mixed", religious_denomination="None", latitude=_at(0.4)),
+        _row(100003, "B", gender="Mixed", religious_denomination="Church of England", latitude=_at(0.5)),
+    )
+    assert all(s["shared"] == [] for s in select_nearby(frame, 100001))
+
+
+def test_no_tier_is_reported_because_there_are_no_tiers():
+    frame = _frame(
+        _row(100001, "Subject"),
+        _row(100002, "A", latitude=_at(0.4)),
+        _row(100003, "B", latitude=_at(0.5)),
+    )
+    assert all("tier" not in s for s in select_nearby(frame, 100001))
+
+
+def test_metric_follows_the_phase_side_not_the_neighbour():
    frame = _frame(
        _row(100001, "Subject", phase="Secondary", attainment_8_score=50.0),
        _row(100002, "A", phase="Secondary", attainment_8_score=52.8, latitude=_at(0.5)),
        _row(100003, "B", phase="Secondary", attainment_8_score=np.nan, latitude=_at(0.6)),
    )
-    by_urn = {s["urn"]: s for s in select_similar(frame, 100001, is_secondary=True)}
+    by_urn = {s["urn"]: s for s in select_nearby(frame, 100001)}
    assert by_urn[100002]["metric_key"] == "attainment_8_score"
    assert by_urn[100002]["metric_value"] == 52.8
    assert by_urn[100002]["metric_year"] == 202425
@@ -278,7 +331,7 @@ def test_values_are_json_safe_native_types():
        _row(100002, "A", latitude=_at(0.5)),
        _row(100003, "B", latitude=_at(0.6)),
    )
-    for school in select_similar(frame, 100001, is_secondary=False):
+    for school in select_nearby(frame, 100001):
        assert isinstance(school["urn"], int)
        assert isinstance(school["distance_miles"], float)
        assert not isinstance(school["metric_value"], np.generic)
@@ -310,10 +363,10 @@ def client(monkeypatch):
    return TestClient(app_module.app, raise_server_exceptions=False)


-def test_detail_payload_carries_similar_schools(client):
+def test_detail_payload_carries_nearby_schools(client):
    resp = client.get("/api/schools/100001")
    assert resp.status_code == 200, resp.text
-    similar = resp.json()["similar_schools"]
+    similar = resp.json()["nearby_schools"]
    assert [s["school_name"] for s in similar] == ["Neighbour A", "Neighbour B"]
    assert similar[0]["metric_key"] == "rwm_expected_pct"

@@ -324,7 +377,7 @@ def test_a_failure_in_selection_does_not_break_the_page(client, monkeypatch):
    def _explode(*args, **kwargs):
        raise ValueError("selection blew up")

-    monkeypatch.setattr(app_module, "select_similar", _explode)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(app_module, "select_nearby", _explode)
    resp = client.get("/api/schools/100001")
    assert resp.status_code == 200, resp.text
-    assert resp.json()["similar_schools"] == []
+    assert resp.json()["nearby_schools"] == []
@@ -73,12 +73,12 @@ There is no SWR dependency. Leaflet maps are loaded through dynamic wrappers;
 Chart.js renders performance and comparison charts.

 `components/school/` contains detail sections, with section decisions and data
-preparation in `lib/schoolSections.ts`. The similar-schools section is selected
-in `backend/similar_schools.py` — hard filters that never relax (phase,
-provision, selectivity, gender) and soft preferences that do (religious
-character, then gender exactness) — and served on `/api/schools/{urn}`. Its
-rules are presentation logic, deliberately kept out of `marts.*` so they can be
-tuned by deploy rather than by pipeline run. `lib/types.ts` contains manually maintained
+preparation in `lib/schoolSections.ts`. The nearby-schools section is selected in
+`backend/nearby_schools.py` — hard filters decide eligibility (phase, provision,
+selectivity, gender) and distance alone decides the order, capped per phase —
+and served on `/api/schools/{urn}`. Its rules are presentation logic,
+deliberately kept out of `marts.*` so they can be tuned by deploy rather than by
+pipeline run. `lib/types.ts` contains manually maintained
 API types. `payload-types.ts` and the Payload import map are generated artifacts.

 ## Publication and caching today
@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
-# Similar Schools Nearby — Design
+# Other Schools Nearby — Design

-**Date:** 2026-09-21
-**Status:** awaiting review
+**Date:** 2026-09-21, revised 2026-09-22
+**Status:** revised after staging review
 **Scope:** school detail pages, both phase templates

+> **Revision, 2026-09-22.** The first build ranked by intake similarity and used
+> distance as a tiebreak. On staging a Catholic primary showed six Catholic
+> primaries, none of them close enough to be a real option, and omitted the
+> community school down the road. Distance now decides the order and nothing
+> else does; the tier system is gone. The reasoning is kept below rather than
+> quietly overwritten, because the mistake is the instructive part.
+
 ## Goal

 Give a school detail page an answer to the question every reader arrives with
@@ -15,7 +22,8 @@ school. This section adds that edge — up to six nearby schools of the same pha
 and a comparable intake, three at a time in a carousel, each a crawlable link and
 each addable to the comparison basket in one click.

-Mockup, with all three tier states live in both themes:
+Mockup, in both themes (drawn against the original tiered design, so its ledes
+and chip fallbacks are one revision behind the copy specified below):
 <https://claude.ai/artifact/168KdUMcfkUeGWW2FGjuec>

 Source of the same page in the repo: `mockups/similar-schools-nearby.html`.
@@ -37,19 +45,23 @@ alternative, and there are three ways that claim goes wrong:
 3. A **single-sex** school of the opposite sex. Not a weak match — not an option
   at all.

-So the design separates two kinds of rule, and never confuses them:
+So the design separates two kinds of fact, and never confuses them:

- **Hard filters** encode the claims above. They are never relaxed, at any
-  distance, even if that means the section does not render.
- **Soft preferences** describe how closely the intake resembles this school's.
-  They relax in tiers, and the card's own text always states what survived.
+- **Hard filters** encode the claims above. They decide eligibility, and are
+  never relaxed at any distance, even if that means the section does not render.
+- **Shared characteristics** — gender, religious character, selectivity —
+  describe how closely an intake resembles this school's. They are *reported on
+  the card and never ranked on*, so the reader weighs them rather than having
+  them weighed for them.

-Everything below follows from that split.
+Everything below follows from that split. The revision at the top of this
+document is what happens when the second kind is treated as the first.

 ## Selection algorithm

-A backend helper, `_similar_schools_payload(urn)` in `backend/app.py`, modelled
-on the existing `_places_payload(urn)` and operating on the cached
+A backend helper, `_nearby_schools_payload(urn)` in `backend/app.py`, modelled
+on the existing `_places_payload(urn)` and delegating to
+`backend/nearby_schools.select_nearby(frame, urn)`, which operates on the cached
 `load_latest_school_data()` frame — one row per URN, already carrying
 `latitude`, `longitude`, `phase`, `gender`, `religious_denomination`,
 `admissions_policy`, `school_type` and `status`.
@@ -77,64 +89,63 @@ school the frontend treats as special for benchmarking but the backend treats as
 mainstream for matching would be dropped from its own England comparison and
 then offered as a peer to a mainstream school on the next page along.

-**Up to six cards, three visible.** Six is a cap, not a quota: the section shows
-every school that qualifies at the tiers it used, up to six. Three fit the row,
-and the rest are reached with the carousel arrows. Two is the minimum that
-renders at all.
+**Up to six cards, three visible.** Three fit the row; the rest are reached with
+the carousel arrows. Two is the minimum that renders at all.

-### Soft preferences, relaxed in tiers
+### Order: distance, and nothing else

-| Tier | Additionally requires | Radius |
-|---|---|---|
-| 1 | exact gender equality **and** same religious character | 3 miles |
-| 2 | exact gender equality | 5 miles |
-| 3 | nothing beyond the hard filters | 10 miles |
+The nearest eligible schools, closest first. Similarity does not enter the
+ranking at any point.

-**Tiers relax to reach a usable set, never to fill the last slots.**
+**Why not, having built it the other way first.** The original design ranked by
+tiers — same gender and faith within 3 miles, then same gender within 5, then
+anything within 10 — and used distance only to order the result. Two things
+followed, and both showed up on the first Catholic primary anyone looked at:

-Work down the tiers until the schools found so far reach three. Call the tier
-that got there T. The section then shows up to six schools drawn from tiers 1
-to T, nearest first — and does not open tier T+1 merely because six slots are
-not yet full.
+- A faith match at 2.9 miles outranked a community school at 0.3 miles. For a
+  primary, whose catchment is routinely under a mile, the far school is not a
+  weaker option; it is not an option.
+- Because the row filled from the best tier before widening, three Catholic
+  schools within 3 miles were enough to fill all six slots with Catholic
+  schools. The stopping rule that produced this had been added to prevent the
+  *opposite* failure — padding a row with weak distant matches — and made this
+  one certain.

-Worked through:
+The premise was backwards. **Distance is a constraint and intake is a
+preference.** A parent cannot act on a school outside their reach however well
+it matches, and they are perfectly capable of noticing a shared denomination
+for themselves if we show it to them. So similarity moved from the ranking to
+the card: `shared` reports what a school genuinely has in common, and the reader
+applies their own weighting.

-| Qualifying | T | Shown |
-|---|---|---|
-| 14 at tier 1 | 1 | the 6 nearest tier-1 schools |
-| 4 at tier 1 | 1 | all 4 — tier 2 is never opened |
-| 2 at tier 1, 7 more at tier 2 | 2 | the 6 nearest of those 9 |
-| 2 at tier 1, 1 at tier 2 | 2 | all 3 |
-| 2 across all three tiers | 3 | both, since 2 is the minimum |
+The hard filters above were always where the defensibility lived. They are
+untouched.

-Without that stopping rule, a cap of six would reliably drag in tier-3 schools
-ten miles away to fill a row that three good matches had already earned. The old
-cap of three hid this; six exposes it, which is why the rule is stated rather
-than left to the loop.
+### Reach: a sanity bound, not a target

-**Faith relaxes before gender.** A faith mismatch changes the character of a
-school; a gender mismatch can mean the school is not available to the reader's
-child at all. Ordering them the other way would fill the section with schools
-that cannot be applied to.
+| Phase | Reach |
+|---|---|
+| Primary, middle deemed primary, all-through | 2 miles |
+| Secondary, middle deemed secondary | 6 miles |
+| 16 plus | 10 miles |

-### Two decisions that are easy to get wrong later
+Ordering by distance already handles density — a school in inner London fills
+all six slots inside a mile and never approaches the cap. The cap decides one
+thing: what happens where the area is sparse. It differs by phase because
+catchments do, and because people travel furthest for post-16.

-**Selected by tier, displayed by distance.** Tier decides *which* three schools
-earn a slot. The rendered order is then distance ascending, because "nearby" is
-the promise in the heading and a reader scanning the row reads the first card as
-the closest. A tier-2 school at 0.4 miles therefore appears above a tier-1
-school at 2.9 miles, and the chips explain the difference in match quality.
+**A primary with nothing inside two miles renders no section**, and that is the
+intended answer rather than a gap. The alternative is a section headed "nearby"
+listing a school four miles from a five-year-old.

-**Past the sixth school, the rest are dropped without a count.** In inner
-London dozens clear tier 1, and a parent there will notice three is not the
-neighbourhood — hence six. Beyond that the section does not try to be the list:
-`NearbyPlaces` sits directly beneath and already leads to the place pages, which
-are built for browsing a full set and which the school page exists to feed.
+**Past the sixth school, the rest are dropped without a count.** The section
+does not try to be the list: `NearbyPlaces` sits directly beneath and already
+leads to the place pages, which are built for browsing a full set and which the
+school page exists to feed.

 **Fewer than two results renders nothing.** Not an empty state, not a single
-lonely card, not padding with schools that failed the hard filters. The section
-is absent, the nav item is absent, and the page is unchanged from today. A page
-with one weak match is better off without the section than with it.
+lonely card. The section is absent, the nav item is absent, and the page is
+unchanged from before it existed.

 ### Distance

@@ -157,14 +168,13 @@ reader to assume otherwise.
 | `distance_miles` | one decimal place |
 | `school_type` | GIAS type, translated, for the card's meta line |
 | `age_range` | for the meta line |
-| `shared` | the chip strings the tier actually justifies — see below |
-| `tier` | 1, 2 or 3 — drives the lede's wording and the chip styling |
+| `shared` | what this school genuinely shares with the subject; may be empty |
 | `metric_value` | the phase-appropriate headline figure, or null |
 | `metric_key` | `rwm_expected_pct` or `attainment_8_score` — see below |
 | `metric_year` | the year the figure is from |

-The metric follows the phase side the school was *matched* on, not the
-neighbour's own phase, so a row of cards never mixes two scales. The secondary
+The metric follows the subject school's phase side, not the neighbour's own
+phase, so a row of cards never mixes two scales. The secondary
 side uses `attainment_8_score`; the primary side uses `rwm_expected_pct`. Where
 the neighbour has no value for that key, the card reads "Not published" rather
 than falling back to the other key.
@@ -183,12 +193,6 @@ correctly — against secondaries. The section therefore takes its lede noun fro
 the school's own phase rather than from its template, or it would print "Other
 primary schools near <sixth form college>" above a row of secondaries.

-`tier` is carried explicitly rather than inferred from the contents of
-`shared`, because the frontend needs it for two separate decisions — whether the
-lede may claim a similar intake, and whether a chip renders as a brand-tinted
-fill or a muted outline — and inferring it from chip count would couple those
-decisions to the copy.
-
 Up to six rows of roughly 130 bytes each. It rides in the existing detail payload
 rather than a new endpoint because the page already makes exactly one server
 fetch for its data, and `/school/[slug]` regenerates at most weekly
@@ -199,9 +203,11 @@ week.
 frontend treats absent and empty identically, which is what allowed
 `NearbyPlaces` to ship without a lockstep deploy of the two images.

-`shared` is computed on the backend beside the tier that produced it, not
-re-derived on the frontend. Deriving it twice is how a card comes to claim a
-match the selection did not actually make.
+`shared` is computed on the backend, beside the data it is derived from, not
+re-derived on the frontend. Deriving it twice is how a card comes to claim
+something the selection never established. An empty list is a real answer and
+renders no chips: a bare card costs a school nothing but the likeness it does
+not have, since the order was already settled by distance.

 ## Frontend

@@ -308,16 +314,21 @@ shows.

 ## Copy, and what the section is allowed to claim

-**The lede tracks the deepest tier shown.** At tiers 1–2 it reads "Other primary
-schools near X, with a similar intake." Where any card came from tier 3 it drops
-"with a similar intake", because for at least one of the cards that is not what
-was matched. Six cards make this more likely to fire than three did, which is
-correct: a wider net is exactly when the claim needs dropping.
+**The lede never claims an intake.** It reads "Other primary schools near X." —
+one sentence, no variants. The earlier version varied the wording by tier, which
+only existed to soften a claim the section should not have been making.

-**Chips state only what is shared.** A tier-2 card carries fewer chips rather
-than a chip it has not earned; a tier-3 card falls back to the plain phase name,
-styled as a muted outline rather than a brand-tinted fill so the difference is
-visible at a glance.
+**The heading is "Other schools nearby", not "Similar schools nearby".** The
+hard filters do guarantee a comparable set — same phase, same selectivity,
+mainstream never beside special — but nothing ranks on likeness, so the heading
+does not say it does. The nav item reads "Nearby schools" and the section id is
+`nearby`.
+
+**Chips state only what is shared, and may be absent entirely.** A card with
+nothing in common renders no chip row rather than falling back to a filler.
+Since chips no longer affect the order, an empty one costs that school nothing
+except a claim it cannot support — and a Catholic parent scanning the row still
+spots "Roman Catholic" on the card that carries it, and weighs it themselves.

 **The neighbour's metric carries no valence colour.** Green and terracotta are
 reserved site-wide for comparison against the England average. Colouring a
@@ -364,9 +375,11 @@ synthetic frame rather than live marts:
 - a special school returns only special schools; a mainstream school returns none
 - a Boys school never returns a Girls school; Mixed matches both
 - closed schools and schools without coordinates are never returned
- tier relaxation fills in order, and a school taken at tier 1 is not repeated
- tiers stop relaxing once three are found: four tier-1 matches never open tier 2
+- results are ordered by distance ascending, always
+- a faith match never outranks a closer school (the staging defect, pinned)
+- the nearest eligible school is always present
 - more than six qualifying schools returns the six nearest
+- reach is capped per phase, and a primary beyond two miles returns `[]`
 - an all-through school is offered on both phase sides
 - a `16 plus` school is matched against secondaries and colleges, never primaries
 - `is_secondary_phase` and `PHASE_GROUPS` agree on every GIAS phase value
@@ -376,7 +389,8 @@ synthetic frame rather than live marts:
 **Frontend**, in `nextjs-app/__tests__`:

 - the section renders nothing for absent, empty and single-row inputs
- the lede drops "with a similar intake" when any card is tier 3
+- the lede never claims a similar intake
+- an empty `shared` renders no chips rather than a filler
 - a null metric renders "Not published"
 - the nav item appears only alongside the section
 - every card is in the DOM, including the ones scrolled out of view
@@ -408,10 +422,11 @@ journeys are confirmed on the post-merge staging run.
 - Autoplay, dots, or an infinite loop on the carousel. It is a short list a
  reader scans deliberately, not a banner competing for attention, and a row
  that moves on its own is a row that moves while someone is reading it.
- Statistical neighbours on deprivation, size or cohort profile. If the tiers
-  prove too coarse, that is the trigger to move this computation into a dbt mart
-  — `_similar_schools_payload` is a deliberate seam for exactly that swap.
+- Statistical neighbours on deprivation, size or cohort profile. If plain
+  distance proves too blunt, that is the trigger to move this computation into a
+  dbt mart — `select_nearby` is a deliberate seam for exactly that swap.
 - Precomputing neighbours in `marts.*`. Rejected for now: a new mart is inert
  until Airflow runs, so the feature would ship dark, and every tuning change to
-  the tiers would become a pipeline round-trip instead of a deploy.
+  the rules would become a pipeline round-trip instead of a deploy. The revision
+  at the top of this document is the argument for keeping that loop short.
 - Any change to `/api/compare`, the compare page, or the comparison basket.
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { test, expect, Page } from '@playwright/test';
+import { test, expect, Locator, Page } from '@playwright/test';

 /**
 * Journey tests for SchoolCompare, run against the staging environment as the
@@ -19,6 +19,31 @@ function schoolLinks(page: Page) {
  return page.locator('a[href^="/school/"]');
 }

+/**
+ * A scroll offset that has stopped moving.
+ *
+ * The carousel arrows scroll with `behavior: 'smooth'`, so a reading taken
+ * straight after a click lands mid-animation. Measured against staging: the
+ * animation runs ~700ms, and a poll for "has it moved at all" is satisfied
+ * 50ms in, at 13px of a 1300px journey. A test that then records an offset,
+ * does something, and records again is measuring the tail of the arrow's
+ * animation rather than the effect of whatever it did in between.
+ *
+ * Two identical readings in a row is the cheapest sound definition of settled.
+ */
+async function settledScrollLeft(scroller: Locator): Promise<number> {
+  let previous = -1;
+  await expect
+    .poll(async () => {
+      const current = await scroller.evaluate((node: HTMLElement) => Math.round(node.scrollLeft));
+      const settled = current === previous;
+      previous = current;
+      return settled;
+    }, { timeout: 10_000 })
+    .toBe(true);
+  return previous;
+}
+
 /**
 * Two URNs guaranteed to be pure-primary (same phase). The compare page's
 * phase tabs split all-through schools (which carry KS4 data) onto the
@@ -2736,7 +2761,7 @@ test('the content sitemap lists the about page and is advertised in robots', asy
 });

 /**
- * Similar schools nearby.
+ * Other schools nearby.
 *
 * The section is absent by design where fewer than two schools qualify, and the
 * arrows are absent where three cards fit, so this asserts each part of the
@@ -2746,12 +2771,12 @@ test('the content sitemap lists the about page and is advertised in robots', asy
 * which jsdom cannot measure because it has no layout, and the scroll position
 * surviving a selection, which is DOM state rather than React state.
 */
-test('similar schools link on to other schools and into compare', async ({ page }) => {
+test('nearby schools link on to other schools and into compare', async ({ page }) => {
  await searchByName(page, 'Primary');
  await schoolLinks(page).first().click();
  await page.waitForURL(/\/school\//);

-  const section = page.locator('#similar');
+  const section = page.locator('#nearby');
  if ((await section.count()) === 0) {
    test.skip(true, 'No qualifying similar schools for this school');
  }
@@ -2776,24 +2801,79 @@ test('similar schools link on to other schools and into compare', async ({ page
    await expect(back).toBeDisabled();

    await forward.click();
-    await expect
-      .poll(() => scroller.evaluate((node: HTMLElement) => node.scrollLeft))
-      .toBeGreaterThan(8);
+    expect(await settledScrollLeft(scroller)).toBeGreaterThan(8);
    await expect(back).toBeEnabled();
  }

  // The compare hand-off, and the row must not jump back to the start when the
  // footer re-renders underneath it.
-  const offsetBefore = await scroller.evaluate((node: HTMLElement) => node.scrollLeft);
-  await section.getByRole('button', { name: /Add to compare/ }).first().click();
+  //
+  // Click the LAST card's button, not the first. Playwright scrolls a target
+  // into view before clicking it, so clicking card one while the row is paged
+  // to the end scrolls the container back to the start — and the assertion
+  // below then measures Playwright's own scrolling rather than the app's.
+  // That is what this test did on its first staging run: 537 → 2, reproduced
+  // afterwards on a static page with no React on it at all.
+  //
+  // A few pixels of snap or sub-pixel adjustment are fine; a reset to the
+  // start is not, which is the whole point of the check.
+  const offsetBefore = await settledScrollLeft(scroller);
+  await section.getByRole('button', { name: /Add to compare/ }).last().click();
  await expect(
    section.getByRole('button', { name: /Added to compare/ }).first(),
  ).toBeVisible();
-  expect(await scroller.evaluate((node: HTMLElement) => node.scrollLeft)).toBe(offsetBefore);
+  const offsetAfter = await settledScrollLeft(scroller);
+  expect(Math.abs(offsetAfter - offsetBefore)).toBeLessThanOrEqual(8);
 });

 /**
- * The section at MOBILE.md's three reference widths.
+ * Every section in the mobile jump sheet can actually be reached.
+ *
+ * The sheet is a fixed bottom sheet, and the app has a fixed bottom tab bar.
+ * `position: sticky` with a z-index on the sticky nav makes it a stacking
+ * context, so the sheet's own z-index orders it only within that context —
+ * against the tab bar, the nav's value is what counts. The last item in the
+ * sheet was therefore painted over and untappable as soon as the list grew
+ * long enough to reach the bar, which adding "Nearby schools" is what did.
+ *
+ * Bounding boxes are not enough to catch this: the item is in the viewport and
+ * the right size, it is simply underneath something. So this asks the question
+ * a thumb asks — what is on top at this point.
+ */
+test('every section in the mobile jump sheet is tappable, not under the tab bar', async ({ page }) => {
+  await page.setViewportSize({ width: 390, height: 844 });
+  await searchByName(page, 'Primary');
+  await schoolLinks(page).first().click();
+  await page.waitForURL(/\/school\//);
+
+  // Scroll down so the sticky nav is docked and the sheet has somewhere to open.
+  await page.evaluate(() => window.scrollTo({ top: 1200 }));
+  // Two controls carry aria-haspopup: the mobile "Section" button and the
+  // desktop "All" one, which is display:none here but still in the DOM.
+  await page.locator('[aria-haspopup="menu"]:visible').click();
+
+  const sheet = page.locator('[role="menu"]');
+  await expect(sheet).toBeVisible();
+
+  const covered = await sheet.evaluate((panel: HTMLElement) =>
+    Array.from(panel.querySelectorAll('[role="menuitem"]'))
+      .map((el) => {
+        const box = el.getBoundingClientRect();
+        const hit = document.elementFromPoint(
+          Math.round(box.left + box.width / 2),
+          Math.round(box.top + box.height / 2),
+        );
+        return { label: (el as HTMLElement).innerText.trim().replace(/\s+/g, ' '), reachable: !!(hit && hit.closest('[role="menuitem"]')) };
+      })
+      .filter((item) => !item.reachable)
+      .map((item) => item.label),
+  );
+
+  expect(covered).toEqual([]);
+});
+
+/**
+ * The nearby-schools section at MOBILE.md's three reference widths.
 *
 * MOBILE.md asks for exactly this check and records that it was not written
 * because "Playwright isn't currently in the project dependency set". That is
@@ -2801,13 +2881,13 @@ test('similar schools link on to other schools and into compare', async ({ page
 * to the page this feature touches.
 */
 for (const width of [360, 390, 430]) {
-  test(`similar schools survives a ${width}px viewport`, async ({ page }) => {
+  test(`nearby schools survives a ${width}px viewport`, async ({ page }) => {
    await page.setViewportSize({ width, height: 800 });
    await searchByName(page, 'Primary');
    await schoolLinks(page).first().click();
    await page.waitForURL(/\/school\//);

-    const section = page.locator('#similar');
+    const section = page.locator('#nearby');
    if ((await section.count()) === 0) {
      test.skip(true, 'No qualifying similar schools for this school');
    }
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ describe('CompareAdmissions', () => {
    render(<CompareAdmissions schools={[grammar]} data={data} isSecondary={true} />);

    expect(
-      screen.getByText(/Entry is by entrance test — the school is selective/),
+      screen.getByText(/Entry is by entrance test\. The school is selective/),
    ).toBeInTheDocument();
    expect(screen.queryByText(/non-faith primaries/)).toBeNull();
  });
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ describe('CutoffMapPanel', () => {
    // Explanation is supporting text, not part of the bold verdict line.
    expect(result.querySelector('[class*="cutoffCheckHeadline"]')!.textContent)
      .not.toMatch(/measurement error/);
-    expect(result).not.toHaveTextContent(/^\S+ away — inside/);
+    expect(result).not.toHaveTextContent(/^\S+ away, inside/);
  });

  it('surfaces a postcode the geocoder cannot find', async () => {
@@ -1,32 +1,32 @@
 /**
- * The section's job is to be honest about what it matched. These tests pin the
- * ways it could lie: rendering below the minimum, claiming a similar intake at
- * tier 3, showing a missing figure as a number, or hiding a card behind an
- * arrow where a crawler cannot reach it.
+ * The section's job is to be honest about what it is showing. These tests pin
+ * the ways it could mislead: rendering below the minimum, claiming a likeness
+ * it does not rank on, showing a missing figure as a number, or hiding a card
+ * behind an arrow where a crawler cannot reach it.
 */

 import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';

 import {
  nearbyNoun,
-  SimilarSchoolsSection,
-  shouldRenderSimilar,
-} from '@/components/school/SimilarSchoolsSection';
-import type { SimilarSchool } from '@/lib/types';
+  NearbySchoolsSection,
+  shouldRenderNearby,
+} from '@/components/school/NearbySchoolsSection';
+import type { NearbySchool } from '@/lib/types';

 jest.mock('@/components/school/AddToCompareButton', () => ({
-  AddToCompareButton: ({ school }: { school: SimilarSchool }) => (
+  AddToCompareButton: ({ school }: { school: NearbySchool }) => (
    <button type="button">Add {school.school_name} to compare</button>
  ),
 }));

-jest.mock('@/components/school/SimilarSchoolsCompareBar', () => ({
-  SimilarSchoolsCompareBar: ({ thisUrn }: { thisUrn: number }) => (
+jest.mock('@/components/school/NearbySchoolsCompareBar', () => ({
+  NearbySchoolsCompareBar: ({ thisUrn }: { thisUrn: number }) => (
    <div data-testid="compare-bar">bar for {thisUrn}</div>
  ),
 }));

-function school(overrides: Partial<SimilarSchool> = {}): SimilarSchool {
+function school(overrides: Partial<NearbySchool> = {}): NearbySchool {
  return {
    urn: 100002,
    school_name: 'Willow Lane Primary School',
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ function school(overrides: Partial<SimilarSchool> = {}): SimilarSchool {
    school_type: 'Community school',
    age_range: '4-11',
    shared: ['Mixed', 'No religious character'],
-    tier: 1,
    metric_value: 74,
    metric_key: 'rwm_expected_pct',
    metric_year: 202425,
@@ -42,14 +41,14 @@ function school(overrides: Partial<SimilarSchool> = {}): SimilarSchool {
  };
 }

-function renderSection(similar: SimilarSchool[]) {
+function renderSection(nearby: NearbySchool[]) {
  return render(
-    <SimilarSchoolsSection
+    <NearbySchoolsSection
      urn={100001}
      schoolName="Meadowbrook Primary School"
      phase="Primary"
      thisMetricValue={72}
-      similar={similar}
+      nearby={nearby}
    />,
  );
 }
@@ -61,11 +60,11 @@ describe('render gates', () => {
    ['empty', []],
    ['a single school', [school()]],
  ])('renders nothing for %s', (_label, value) => {
-    expect(shouldRenderSimilar(value as SimilarSchool[] | null | undefined)).toBe(false);
+    expect(shouldRenderNearby(value as NearbySchool[] | null | undefined)).toBe(false);
  });

  it('renders for two or more schools', () => {
-    expect(shouldRenderSimilar([school(), school({ urn: 100003 })])).toBe(true);
+    expect(shouldRenderNearby([school(), school({ urn: 100003 })])).toBe(true);
  });

  it('returns null rather than an empty shell below the minimum', () => {
@@ -74,15 +73,36 @@ describe('render gates', () => {
  });
 });

-describe('the claim the lede makes', () => {
-  it('claims a similar intake when every card is tier 1 or 2', () => {
-    renderSection([school({ tier: 1 }), school({ urn: 100003, tier: 2 })]);
-    expect(screen.getByText(/with a similar intake/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
+describe('what the section claims', () => {
+  it('never claims a similar intake, because it does not rank on one', () => {
+    renderSection([school(), school({ urn: 100003, shared: [] })]);
+    expect(screen.queryByText(/similar intake/i)).not.toBeInTheDocument();
  });

-  it('drops the claim when any card is tier 3', () => {
-    renderSection([school({ tier: 1 }), school({ urn: 100003, tier: 3, shared: ['Primary school'] })]);
-    expect(screen.queryByText(/with a similar intake/i)).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  it('is headed "Other schools nearby", not "similar"', () => {
+    renderSection([school(), school({ urn: 100003 })]);
+    expect(screen.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Other schools nearby' })).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
+  it('shows chips for what is shared', () => {
+    renderSection([school({ shared: ['Mixed', 'Roman Catholic'] }), school({ urn: 100003 })]);
+    expect(screen.getAllByText('Roman Catholic').length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('shows no chips at all when nothing is shared, rather than inventing one', () => {
+    const { container } = render(
+      <NearbySchoolsSection
+        urn={100001}
+        schoolName="Meadowbrook Primary School"
+        phase="Primary"
+        thisMetricValue={72}
+        nearby={[school({ shared: [] }), school({ urn: 100003, shared: [] })]}
+      />,
+    );
+    // The card still carries its distance, name, type and figure — just no
+    // claim of likeness.
+    expect(container.querySelectorAll('li ul').length).toBe(0);
+    expect(screen.getAllByText(/miles away/).length).toBe(2);
  });
 });

@@ -104,12 +124,12 @@ describe('what the lede calls the set', () => {

  it('never calls a sixth form college\'s neighbours primary schools', () => {
    render(
-      <SimilarSchoolsSection
+      <NearbySchoolsSection
        urn={100001}
        schoolName="Barnet Sixth Form College"
        phase="16 plus"
        thisMetricValue={null}
-        similar={[school(), school({ urn: 100003 })]}
+        nearby={[school(), school({ urn: 100003 })]}
      />,
    );
    expect(screen.getByText(/Other schools and colleges near Barnet Sixth Form College/)).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import fs from 'fs';
+import path from 'path';
+import ts from 'typescript';
+
+/**
+ * Keeps the em dash out of public copy.
+ *
+ * Every visitor-facing sentence was rewritten to use a colon, comma, full stop
+ * or parentheses instead. A new one slips back in unnoticed, because it reads
+ * fine to whoever wrote it, so this walks the source with the TypeScript parser
+ * and checks every string literal, template chunk and JSX text node. Comments
+ * are not nodes the walk visits, so they stay free to use it.
+ *
+ * Two uses are allowed:
+ *  - a lone dash standing in for a missing value in a table cell or stat slot,
+ *    which is a data convention rather than prose;
+ *  - the message of a thrown Error, which only a developer reads.
+ */
+
+const ROOT = path.join(__dirname, '..', '..');
+const SCANNED = ['app', 'components', 'lib'];
+const SKIPPED = [path.join(ROOT, 'app', '(payload)')];
+
+function sources(dir: string): string[] {
+  if (SKIPPED.includes(dir)) return [];
+  return fs.readdirSync(dir, { withFileTypes: true }).flatMap((entry) => {
+    const full = path.join(dir, entry.name);
+    if (entry.isDirectory()) return sources(full);
+    return /\.tsx?$/.test(entry.name) ? [full] : [];
+  });
+}
+
+function isErrorMessage(node: ts.Node): boolean {
+  for (let p = node.parent; p; p = p.parent) {
+    if (ts.isNewExpression(p) && /Error$/.test(p.expression.getText())) return true;
+    if (ts.isStatement(p)) return false;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+const EMPTY_VALUE = /^(—|&mdash;)$/;
+
+function dashedCopy(file: string): string[] {
+  const text = fs.readFileSync(file, 'utf8');
+  const kind = file.endsWith('.tsx') ? ts.ScriptKind.TSX : ts.ScriptKind.TS;
+  const sf = ts.createSourceFile(file, text, ts.ScriptTarget.Latest, true, kind);
+  const found: string[] = [];
+  const visit = (node: ts.Node) => {
+    if (
+      ts.isStringLiteral(node) || ts.isNoSubstitutionTemplateLiteral(node) || ts.isJsxText(node)
+      || ts.isTemplateHead(node) || ts.isTemplateMiddle(node) || ts.isTemplateTail(node)
+    ) {
+      const copy = node.getText().replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
+      const bare = node.text.trim();
+      if (/—|&mdash;/.test(copy) && !EMPTY_VALUE.test(bare) && !isErrorMessage(node)) {
+        const { line } = sf.getLineAndCharacterOfPosition(node.getStart());
+        found.push(`${path.relative(ROOT, file)}:${line + 1}  ${copy}`);
+      }
+    }
+    ts.forEachChild(node, visit);
+  };
+  visit(sf);
+  return found;
+}
+
+describe('public copy', () => {
+  it('uses no em dashes', () => {
+    const files = SCANNED.flatMap((dir) => sources(path.join(ROOT, dir)));
+    expect(files.length).toBeGreaterThan(50);
+    expect(files.flatMap(dashedCopy)).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ describe('all-through schools', () => {

  it('labels the KS2 block explicitly', () => {
    renderSchoolDetail(allThroughFixture);
-    expect(screen.getAllByText(/Primary — KS2 SATs/).length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(screen.getAllByText(/Primary: KS2 SATs/).length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
  });
 });

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ describe('compareToCutoff', () => {

  it('reads back the reported case in one unit', () => {
    expect(compareToCutoff(69, 270, 2026).headline)
-      .toBe('0.04 miles away — inside the September 2026 cut-off of 0.17 miles.');
+      .toBe('0.04 miles away, inside the September 2026 cut-off of 0.17 miles.');
  });

  it('calls a clearly nearer home inside, and names the year', () => {
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ describe('buildSecondaryNavItems', () => {
  });
 });

-describe('the similar-schools nav item', () => {
+describe('the nearby-schools nav item', () => {
  const navInput = {
    ofsted: null, admissions: null, admissionDistance: null,
    hasLocation: true, yearlyDataLength: 1,
@@ -182,29 +182,29 @@ describe('the similar-schools nav item', () => {
  it('appears on both templates when the section renders', () => {
    const primary = computeSchoolFlags(primaryFixture);
    const secondary = computeSecondaryFlags(secondaryFixture);
-    const input = { ...navInput, hasSimilarSchools: true };
+    const input = { ...navInput, hasNearbySchools: true };

-    expect(buildNavItems(primary, input).map((i) => i.id)).toContain('similar');
-    expect(buildSecondaryNavItems(secondary, input).map((i) => i.id)).toContain('similar');
+    expect(buildNavItems(primary, input).map((i) => i.id)).toContain('nearby');
+    expect(buildSecondaryNavItems(secondary, input).map((i) => i.id)).toContain('nearby');
  });

  it('is absent when the section does not render', () => {
    const primary = computeSchoolFlags(primaryFixture);
    const secondary = computeSecondaryFlags(secondaryFixture);
-    const input = { ...navInput, hasSimilarSchools: false };
+    const input = { ...navInput, hasNearbySchools: false };

-    expect(buildNavItems(primary, input).map((i) => i.id)).not.toContain('similar');
-    expect(buildSecondaryNavItems(secondary, input).map((i) => i.id)).not.toContain('similar');
+    expect(buildNavItems(primary, input).map((i) => i.id)).not.toContain('nearby');
+    expect(buildSecondaryNavItems(secondary, input).map((i) => i.id)).not.toContain('nearby');
  });

  it('is absent when nothing says either way', () => {
    const primary = computeSchoolFlags(primaryFixture);
-    expect(buildNavItems(primary, navInput).map((i) => i.id)).not.toContain('similar');
+    expect(buildNavItems(primary, navInput).map((i) => i.id)).not.toContain('nearby');
  });

  it('comes last, because the section renders last', () => {
    const primary = computeSchoolFlags(primaryFixture);
-    const ids = buildNavItems(primary, { ...navInput, hasSimilarSchools: true }).map((i) => i.id);
-    expect(ids[ids.length - 1]).toBe('similar');
+    const ids = buildNavItems(primary, { ...navInput, hasNearbySchools: true }).map((i) => i.id);
+    expect(ids[ids.length - 1]).toBe('nearby');
  });
 });
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ export async function generateMetadata(
    // Deliberately not the homepage's phrase. Two pages chasing "compare
    // schools" is how a site competes with itself; this one takes the tool
    // phrasing instead.
-    title: 'School Comparison Tool — Up to Five at Once | schoolcompare',
+    title: 'School Comparison Tool: Up to Five Schools at Once | schoolcompare',
    description:
      'Put up to five English schools in one table: SATs and GCSE results against the England average, Ofsted grades, and the distance places were offered.',
    keywords:
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export const metadata: Metadata = {
    template: '%s | schoolcompare',
  },
  description:
-    'Put five English schools on one screen — SATs, GCSE results, Ofsted grades, and how close you had to live to get a place. Free, no sign-up.',
+    'Put five English schools on one screen: SATs, GCSE results, Ofsted grades, and how close you had to live to get a place. Free, no sign-up.',
  keywords: 'school comparison, KS2 results, KS4 results, primary school, secondary school, England schools, SATs results, GCSE results',
  authors: [{ name: 'schoolcompare' }],
  manifest: '/manifest.json',
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ export const metadata: Metadata = {
    type: 'website',
    title: 'Compare Schools Side by Side | schoolcompare',
    description:
-      'Put five English schools on one screen — SATs, GCSE results, Ofsted grades, and how close you had to live to get a place.',
+      'Put five English schools on one screen: SATs, GCSE results, Ofsted grades, and how close you had to live to get a place.',
    /*
     * Declared, not inherited.
     *
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ export const metadata: Metadata = {
    card: 'summary_large_image',
    title: 'Compare Schools Side by Side | schoolcompare',
    description:
-      'Put five English schools on one screen — SATs, GCSE results, Ofsted grades, and how close you had to live to get a place.',
+      'Put five English schools on one screen: SATs, GCSE results, Ofsted grades, and how close you had to live to get a place.',
    // The card is summary_large_image; claiming that and supplying no image
    // is worse than claiming a summary card.
    images: ['/opengraph-image'],
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export const metadata: Metadata = {
   */
  title: { absolute: 'Compare Schools Side by Side | schoolcompare' },
  description:
-    'Put five English schools on one screen — SATs, GCSE results, Ofsted grades, and how close you had to live to get a place. Free, no sign-up.',
+    'Put five English schools on one screen: SATs, GCSE results, Ofsted grades, and how close you had to live to get a place. Free, no sign-up.',
  // This page reads eleven search params. They filter a result set; they do
  // not make a new document. Collapsing every combination onto "/" stops the
  // homepage competing with itself for its own head terms.
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { APIFetchError, fetchSchoolDetails, fetchSchools, fetchNationalAverages
 import { notFound, redirect } from 'next/navigation';
 import { SchoolDetailShell } from '@/components/school/SchoolDetailShell';
 import { NearbyPlaces } from '@/components/school/NearbyPlaces';
-import { shouldRenderSimilar } from '@/components/school/SimilarSchoolsSection';
+import { shouldRenderNearby } from '@/components/school/NearbySchoolsSection';
 import { schoolBreadcrumbJsonLd, type SchoolPlace } from '@/lib/jsonld';
 import { PrimarySchoolSections } from '@/components/school/PrimarySchoolSections';
 import { SecondarySchoolSections } from '@/components/school/SecondarySchoolSections';
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ export default async function SchoolPage({ params }: SchoolPageProps) {
  // lockstep deploy of the two images.
  const places: SchoolPlace[] = data.places ?? [];
  // Absent on an older API build, exactly like `places` above.
-  const similarSchools = data.similar_schools ?? [];
+  const nearbySchools = data.nearby_schools ?? [];

  // Redirect bare URN to canonical slug URL
  const canonicalSlug = schoolUrl(urn, school_info.school_name).replace('/school/', '');
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ export default async function SchoolPage({ params }: SchoolPageProps) {
    admissions: admissions ?? null,
    admissionDistance: admission_distance ?? null,
    hasLocation: school_info.latitude != null && school_info.longitude != null,
-    hasSimilarSchools: shouldRenderSimilar(similarSchools),
+    hasNearbySchools: shouldRenderNearby(nearbySchools),
    yearlyDataLength: yearly_data.length,
  };
  const primaryNavItems = buildNavItems(primaryFlags, navInput);
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ export default async function SchoolPage({ params }: SchoolPageProps) {
            finance={finance ?? null}
            nationalAvg={nationalAvg}
            destinations={destinations ?? null}
-            similarSchools={similarSchools}
+            nearbySchools={nearbySchools}
            flags={secondaryFlags}
          />
        </SchoolDetailShell>
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ export default async function SchoolPage({ params }: SchoolPageProps) {
            deprivation={deprivation ?? null}
            finance={finance ?? null}
            nationalAvg={nationalAvg}
-            similarSchools={similarSchools}
+            nearbySchools={nearbySchools}
            flags={primaryFlags}
          />
        </SchoolDetailShell>
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ export async function generateMetadata({ params }: Props): Promise<Metadata> {
    // absolute: the root layout's template appends '| schoolcompare' to a
    // plain string, and this title already carries it. Without this every
    // place title read '... | schoolcompare | schoolcompare'.
-    title: { absolute: `Schools in ${name} — Compare ${count} Schools | schoolcompare` },
+    title: { absolute: `Schools in ${name}: Compare ${count} Schools | schoolcompare` },
    description:
      `Every school in ${name}, with SATs and GCSE results, Ofsted grades, the local `
      + `average against England, and how close you had to live to get a place.`,
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ export async function generateMetadata({ params }: Props): Promise<Metadata> {
    // "Local Authority" stays in the title for the same reason it is on the
    // bare authority page: 67 town names collide with an authority name, and
    // a reader landing on both needs to know which set each covers.
-    title: { absolute: `${word} Schools in ${name} — Local Authority | schoolcompare` },
+    title: { absolute: `${word} Schools in ${name} (Local Authority) | schoolcompare` },
    description:
      `Every ${phase} school in the ${name} local authority, with results, Ofsted `
      + `grades and the authority average against England.`,
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export async function generateMetadata({ params }: Props): Promise<Metadata> {

  const { name, count } = detail.place;
  return {
-    title: { absolute: `Schools in ${name} — Local Authority | schoolcompare` },
+    title: { absolute: `Schools in ${name} (Local Authority) | schoolcompare` },
    description:
      `All ${count} schools in the ${name} local authority, with SATs and GCSE results, `
      + `Ofsted grades and the authority average against England.`,
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { ImageResponse } from 'next/og';
 * and a suggestion of the illustration's rolling landscape along the bottom.
 * It states the promise rather than decorating it.
 */
-export const alt = 'schoolcompare — find the school where your child will flourish';
+export const alt = 'schoolcompare: find the school where your child will flourish';
 export const size = { width: 1200, height: 630 };
 export const contentType = 'image/png';

@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ interface Step {
 const SECONDARY_STEPS: Step[] = [
  {
    title: 'Check entry criteria',
-    body: 'Look at each school\'s admissions policy — catchment areas, faith criteria, sibling priority, and aptitude tests vary widely.',
+    body: 'Look at each school\'s admissions policy. Catchment areas, faith criteria, sibling priority and aptitude tests vary widely.',
    callouts: [
      {
        title: 'Selective schools register earlier',
-        body: 'Grammar and other selective schools need separate entrance-test registration months earlier — often by September, well before the 31 October deadline.',
+        body: 'Grammar and other selective schools need separate entrance-test registration months earlier, often by September and well before the 31 October deadline.',
      },
      {
        title: 'Faith schools may need an extra form',
@@ -86,26 +86,26 @@ const SECONDARY_STEPS: Step[] = [
  {
    date: '31 October',
    title: 'Application deadline',
-    body: 'Submit your ranked list of schools — most councils allow three to six preferences (London boroughs typically six). Councils treat all preferences equally, so list schools in the genuine order you want them, not strategically.',
+    body: 'Submit your ranked list of schools. Most councils allow three to six preferences (London boroughs typically six). Councils treat all preferences equally, so list schools in the genuine order you want them, not strategically.',
    highlight: 'deadline',
    tool: { label: 'Compare performance to order your preferences', href: '/rankings' },
  },
  {
    date: '1 March',
    title: 'National Offer Day',
-    body: 'Your allocated school appears on the council\'s online admissions portal and is sent by email. Release times are set by each council — often from late afternoon, though some publish overnight — so check your council\'s page rather than refreshing at midnight.',
+    body: 'Your allocated school appears on the council\'s online admissions portal and is sent by email. Release times are set by each council (often from late afternoon, though some publish overnight), so check your council\'s page rather than refreshing at midnight.',
    highlight: 'offer',
    tool: { label: 'Look up your allocated school', href: '/' },
  },
  {
    date: '~15 March',
    title: 'Accept or decline',
-    body: 'Respond by the deadline your council gives — typically around 15 March. Accepting does not prevent you from keeping a place on a waiting list for a preferred school.',
+    body: 'Respond by the deadline your council gives, typically around 15 March. Accepting does not prevent you from keeping a place on a waiting list for a preferred school.',
    tool: { label: 'Weigh your offer against your other choices', href: '/compare' },
  },
  {
    title: 'Appeals',
-    body: 'If unsuccessful, you can appeal within 20 school days of the refusal letter. Secondary appeals consider whether prejudice to the school outweighs your case — success rates vary.',
+    body: 'If unsuccessful, you can appeal within 20 school days of the refusal letter. Secondary appeals consider whether prejudice to the school outweighs your case, and success rates vary.',
    tool: { label: 'Gather performance evidence for your case', href: '/rankings' },
  },
 ];
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ interface Tip {
 const TIPS: Tip[] = [
  {
    heading: 'Equal preference rule',
-    body: 'Councils consider every school you list before making any offer, then give you the highest-ranked one you qualify for. Your order only decides which qualifying school you get — you can\'t game it, so list schools in the order you genuinely want them.',
+    body: 'Councils consider every school you list before making any offer, then give you the highest-ranked one you qualify for. Your order only decides which qualifying school you get. You can\'t game it, so list schools in the order you genuinely want them.',
  },
  {
    heading: 'Late applications go to the back',
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ export function AdmissionsView() {
        </span>
        <h1 className={styles.heroTitle}>School Admissions Guide</h1>
        <p className={styles.heroSub}>
-          Everything parents need to know about applying for a school place in England — from opening dates to National Offer Day, with live countdowns to every key milestone.
+          Everything parents need to know about applying for a school place in England, from opening dates to National Offer Day, with live countdowns to every key milestone.
        </p>
      </section>

@@ -258,15 +258,15 @@ export function ComparisonChart({ comparisonData, schools, metric, metricLabel,
        // published by DfE but aren't in our dataset yet.
        <p className={styles.chartNote}>
          School-level GCSE figures for 2019/20 and 2020/21 weren&apos;t published (COVID
-          grading), and more recent years aren&apos;t in our dataset yet where lines break — the
-          England average is shown where available.
+          grading), and more recent years aren&apos;t in our dataset yet. Where lines break, the
+          England average is shown if available.
        </p>
      ) : (
        !isSecondary &&
        built.showUnpublished202122Note && (
          <p className={styles.chartNote}>
            No national tests were held in 2019/20 and 2020/21 (COVID), and DfE didn&apos;t publish
-            school-level figures for 2021/22 — the England average is shown for that year.
+            school-level figures for 2021/22. The England average is shown for that year.
          </p>
        )
      )}
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ export function ComparisonView({
        <header className={styles.header}>
          <h1>Compare Schools</h1>
          <p className={styles.subtitle}>
-            Add schools to your comparison basket to see them side by side — inspection results,
+            Add schools to your comparison basket to see them side by side: inspection results,
            academics, admissions and community.
          </p>
        </header>
@@ -300,8 +300,8 @@ export function ComparisonView({
          <div>
            <h1>Compare Schools</h1>
            <p className={styles.subtitle}>
-              {selectedSchools.length} school{selectedSchools.length !== 1 ? 's' : ''} side by side
-              — each number anchored against the England average so you can tell at a glance
+              {selectedSchools.length} school{selectedSchools.length !== 1 ? 's' : ''} side by side,
+              each number anchored against the England average so you can tell at a glance
              what&apos;s typical and what stands out.
            </p>
          </div>
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export function EditorialSection({
          <p>
            School performance data in England is rich but fragmented. The Department for Education and Ofsted
            publish Key Stage 2 SATs, GCSE attainment, inspection outcomes, progress scores, admissions figures
-            and demographics — each in its own table, each with its own jargon.
+            and demographics, each in its own table with its own jargon.
          </p>
          <p>
            schoolcompare brings it all into one place. Every school page shows performance against the national
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ export function FilterBar({
        {isHero && (
          <>
            <p className={styles.searchHint}>
-              Search by <strong>school name</strong> — or use your{" "}
+              Search by <strong>school name</strong>, or use your{" "}
              <strong>postcode</strong> for the nearest schools.
            </p>
            {onNearMe && (
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ const VALUE_PROPS: ValueProp[] = [
    icon: <HeartIcon />,
    tintClass: styles.propIconContext,
    title: 'Beyond the numbers',
-    body: 'SEN support, pupil premium and attendance — not just results.',
+    body: 'Not just results: SEN support, pupil premium and attendance too.',
  },
  {
    icon: <CalendarIcon />,
@@ -478,8 +478,8 @@ export function HomeView({ initialSchools, filters, totalSchools, howItWorks, ed
                  every line above the fold costs. */}
              <span className={styles.heroDescriptionFull}>
                {' '}Key Stage 2 SATs, GCSE results, Ofsted grades, progress scores
-                and admissions data{coverageLabel && <> for <strong>{coverageLabel} schools</strong></>} — side by
-                side, in one place.
+                and admissions data{coverageLabel && <> for <strong>{coverageLabel} schools</strong></>}, side by
+                side in one place.
              </span>
            </p>

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export function HowItWorksSection() {
      <div className={styles.sectionHead}>
        <p className={styles.sectionKicker}>Every school page</p>
        <h2 className={styles.sectionHeading}>What you&apos;ll see on every school</h2>
-        <p className={styles.sectionAside}>Primary or secondary — the page adapts to the phase</p>
+        <p className={styles.sectionAside}>The page adapts to primary or secondary</p>
      </div>
      <div className={styles.hiwGrid}>
        {/* Card 1 — Performance */}
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ export function HowItWorksSection() {
          <div className={styles.hiwCardBody}>
            <div className={styles.hiwStep}>Judgement</div>
            <div className={styles.hiwTitle}>Ofsted at a glance</div>
-            <p className={styles.hiwDesc}>Since November 2025, Ofsted rates each area of school life on a five-point scale rather than one overall word. We show every area and the inspection date — and, for schools not yet reinspected, the older overall grade they still carry.</p>
+            <p className={styles.hiwDesc}>Since November 2025, Ofsted rates each area of school life on a five-point scale rather than one overall word. We show every area, the inspection date and, for schools not yet reinspected, the older overall grade they still carry.</p>
          </div>
        </div>

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ export function HowItWorksSection() {
            {/* One verb for one feature. The site previously called this
                "compare" in the nav, "shortlist" in the footer and "pin" here,
                which reads as three separate things it does not have. */}
-            <p className={styles.hiwDesc}>Compare up to five schools and every metric aligns in the same columns — works for primary and secondary alike.</p>
+            <p className={styles.hiwDesc}>Compare up to five schools and every metric aligns in the same columns. It works for primary and secondary alike.</p>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ export function PerformanceChart({
    const delta = latest.rwm_expected_pct! - prev.rwm_expected_pct!;
    const arrow = delta > 1 ? '↑' : delta < -1 ? '↓' : '→';
    if (best.year === latest.year) {
-      return `${arrow} Best year on record — ${latestPct}% met the expected standard in Reading, Writing & Maths`;
+      return `${arrow} Best year on record: ${latestPct}% met the expected standard in Reading, Writing & Maths`;
    }
    return `${arrow} Reading, Writing & Maths peaked at ${bestPct}% (${formatAcademicYear(best.year)}), currently ${latestPct}%`;
  })();
@@ -451,15 +451,15 @@ export function PerformanceChart({
      {hasGap && (
        <p className={styles.covidNote}>
          {isSecondary
-            ? "School-level GCSE figures for 2019/20 and 2020/21 weren't published (COVID grading) where the line breaks — the England average is shown where available."
-            : "No national tests were held in 2019/20 and 2020/21 (COVID), and DfE didn't publish school-level figures for 2021/22 — the England average is shown for those years where available."}
+            ? "School-level GCSE figures for 2019/20 and 2020/21 weren't published (COVID grading). Where the line breaks, the England average is shown if available."
+            : "No national tests were held in 2019/20 and 2020/21 (COVID), and DfE didn't publish school-level figures for 2021/22. Where available, the England average is shown for those years."}
        </p>
      )}

      {/* Desktop-only hint about toggling progress in the legend */}
      {!isSecondary && (
        <p className={styles.chartHint}>
-          Progress scores (Reading, Writing, Maths) are hidden by default — click them in the legend to show.
+          Progress scores (Reading, Writing, Maths) are hidden by default. Click them in the legend to show them.
        </p>
      )}
    </div>
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ export function RankingsView({
        <h1>School Rankings</h1>
        <p className={styles.subtitle}>
          Schools ranked by {metricLabel.toLowerCase()}
-          {!selectedArea && rankings.length > 0 && <span className={styles.limitNote}> — showing top {rankings.length}</span>}
+          {!selectedArea && rankings.length > 0 && <span className={styles.limitNote}> (showing top {rankings.length})</span>}
        </p>
      </header>

@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ export function RankingsView({
      {isProgressScore && (
        <p className={styles.progressHint}>
          Progress scores: 0 = national average. Positive = above average.
-          {isPrimary && ' KS2 progress isn’t published for 2023/24 or 2024/25 (there’s no key stage 1 baseline) — pick an earlier year to rank by it.'}
+          {isPrimary && ' KS2 progress isn’t published for 2023/24 or 2024/25 because there’s no key stage 1 baseline. Pick an earlier year to rank by it.'}
        </p>
      )}

@@ -33,14 +33,14 @@ export function SpecialSchoolNote({ school }: { school: { school_type?: string |
        <>
          <strong>This is a special school.</strong> Its pupils have special educational needs and
          work towards individual targets. They sit the same national assessments, but very few
-          reach the mainstream &ldquo;expected standard&rdquo; these measures report — so a
+          reach the mainstream &ldquo;expected standard&rdquo; these measures report, so a
          comparison with the England average isn&rsquo;t a meaningful guide to the school.
        </>
      )}
      {kind === 'pru' && (
        <>
          <strong>This is a pupil referral unit.</strong> It teaches pupils educated outside a
-          mainstream school — for example after exclusion, or for medical or behavioural reasons.
+          mainstream school, for example after exclusion or for medical or behavioural reasons.
          The mainstream &ldquo;expected standard&rdquo; and the England-average comparison
          aren&rsquo;t a meaningful guide to the school.
        </>
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ interface StripSpec {

 const TIER1_PRIMARY: StripSpec[] = [
  {
-    label: 'Reading, writing & maths — expected standard',
+    label: 'Reading, writing & maths: expected standard',
    metric: 'rwm_expected_pct',
    anchorKey: 'rwm_expected_pct',
    tip: '% of Year 6 pupils reaching the expected standard in reading, writing and maths.',
@@ -49,18 +49,18 @@ const TIER1_PRIMARY: StripSpec[] = [

 const TIER2_PRIMARY: StripSpec[] = [
  {
-    label: 'Grammar, punctuation & spelling — expected standard',
+    label: 'Grammar, punctuation & spelling: expected standard',
    metric: 'gps_expected_pct',
    anchorKey: 'gps_expected_pct',
  },
  {
-    label: 'Science — expected standard (teacher-assessed)',
+    label: 'Science: expected standard (teacher-assessed)',
    metric: 'science_expected_pct',
    anchorKey: 'science_expected_pct',
-    tip: 'Teacher-assessed, like writing — there has been no KS2 science test since 2009, so comparisons are indicative.',
+    tip: 'Teacher-assessed, like writing. There has been no KS2 science test since 2009, so comparisons are indicative.',
  },
  {
-    label: 'Average scaled score — reading',
+    label: 'Average scaled score: reading',
    metric: 'reading_avg_score',
    anchorKey: 'reading_avg_score',
    min: 100,
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ const TIER2_PRIMARY: StripSpec[] = [
    unit: '',
  },
  {
-    label: 'Average scaled score — maths',
+    label: 'Average scaled score: maths',
    metric: 'maths_avg_score',
    anchorKey: 'maths_avg_score',
    min: 100,
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ const TIER2_PRIMARY: StripSpec[] = [
    unit: '',
  },
  {
-    label: 'Average scaled score — grammar, punctuation & spelling',
+    label: 'Average scaled score: grammar, punctuation & spelling',
    metric: 'gps_avg_score',
    anchorKey: 'gps_avg_score',
    min: 100,
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ export function CompareAcademics({
    return (
      <Section
        title="How students do academically"
-        how="GCSE results (latest year). Attainment 8 averages performance across eight subjects; Progress 8 shows how much progress students make compared with similar students nationally — the wording is DfE's own banding."
+        how="GCSE results (latest year). Attainment 8 averages performance across eight subjects; Progress 8 shows how much progress students make compared with similar students nationally. The wording is DfE's own banding."
      >
        <SectionGrid schools={schools}>
          <RowLabel tip="Average Attainment 8 score across eight GCSE subjects.">Attainment 8</RowLabel>
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ export function CompareAcademics({
                </Chip>
              ) : p8NotPublished[i] ? (
                <span className={s.small}>
-                  Not published — this GCSE year group sat no KS2 tests (COVID), so DfE has no
+                  Not published: this GCSE year group sat no KS2 tests (COVID), so DfE has no
                  baseline to measure progress from
                </span>
              ) : (
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ export function CompareAcademics({
  return (
    <Section
      title="How children do academically"
-      how="Results from national tests and teacher assessments at the end of Year 6 — writing is assessed by teachers, not tested. Each line runs from 0–100%; the grey tick marks the England average, so dots to its right are above average."
+      how="Results from national tests and teacher assessments at the end of Year 6 (writing is assessed by teachers, not tested). Each line runs from 0–100%; the grey tick marks the England average, so dots to its right are above average."
    >
      <div className={s.card}>
        {TIER1_PRIMARY.map((spec) => (
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ export function CompareAcademics({
        ))}

        <details className={styles.moreMeasures}>
-          <summary>More measures — grammar, punctuation &amp; spelling, science, average scaled scores</summary>
+          <summary>More measures: grammar, punctuation &amp; spelling, science, average scaled scores</summary>
          {TIER2_PRIMARY.map((spec) => (
            <Strip
              key={spec.metric}
@@ -49,17 +49,17 @@ export function CompareAdmissions({
      how={
        <>
          From the most recent admissions round ({entryLabel}). &quot;First choice&quot; means
-          families who ranked the school top of their application form — officially a &quot;first
-          preference&quot;. Schools never see your ranking: places are decided only by the
+          families who ranked the school top of their application form (officially a &quot;first
+          preference&quot;). Schools never see your ranking: places are decided only by the
          school&apos;s admission criteria, so listing a school lower down never hurts your chances.
-          These are National Offer Day offers — waiting lists and appeals can change the final
+          These are National Offer Day offers. Waiting lists and appeals can change the final
          intake.
        </>
      }
    >
      <SectionGrid schools={schools}>
        <Measure
-          tip="How many application forms named the school at any preference rank — not the number of families competing head-to-head for a place."
+          tip="How many application forms named the school at any preference rank. This is not the number of families competing head-to-head for a place."
          label="Interest in the school"
        >
        {schools.map((school, i) => {
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ export function CompareAdmissions({
              // Selective schools: the entrance test decides, whatever the
              // offer percentage looks like — never the distance template.
              text =
-                'Entry is by entrance test — the school is selective; distance and preference rank don’t decide places.';
+                'Entry is by entrance test. The school is selective, so distance and preference rank don’t decide places.';
            } else if (summary.firstPrefPct >= 100) {
              text = `Every family who put ${school.school_name} first got a place.`;
            } else if (summary.firstPrefPct >= 90) {
@@ -134,9 +134,9 @@ export function CompareAdmissions({
            } else if (a?.oversubscribed) {
              text = isSecondary
                ? faith
-                  ? 'More first-choice applications than places — check the school’s admission criteria (faith-based criteria may apply).'
-                  : 'More first-choice applications than places — check the school’s admission criteria (catchment or distance often decides, but criteria vary).'
-                : 'More first-choice applications than places — check the school’s admission criteria (for most non-faith primaries, distance decides).';
+                  ? 'More first-choice applications than places. Check the school’s admission criteria (faith-based criteria may apply).'
+                  : 'More first-choice applications than places. Check the school’s admission criteria (catchment or distance often decides, but criteria vary).'
+                : 'More first-choice applications than places. Check the school’s admission criteria (for most non-faith primaries, distance decides).';
            } else {
              text = `${summary.firstPrefPct}% of first-choice families received an offer.`;
            }
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ export function CompareAtAGlance({
    : benchmarks?.primary?.median_pupils;

  return (
-    <Section title="At a glance" how="The short version — each row below is explained in its own section further down.">
+    <Section title="At a glance" how="The short version. Each row below is explained in its own section further down.">
      <SectionGrid schools={schools}>
        <Measure label="Latest Ofsted inspection">
        {schools.map((school, i) => {
@@ -56,12 +56,12 @@ export function CompareCommunity({
      how={
        <>
          The school&apos;s community, from the latest school census. State-school averages are
-          computed from our dataset and shown for context — there&apos;s no &ldquo;right&rdquo;
+          computed from our dataset and shown for context. There&apos;s no &ldquo;right&rdquo;
          number here.
          {anyAllThrough && (
            <>
              {' '}
-              For all-through schools these figures cover the whole school, all ages — not just
+              For all-through schools these figures cover the whole school and all ages, not just
              the {isSecondary ? 'secondary' : 'primary'} phase.
            </>
          )}
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ export function CompareCommunity({
          if (pupils != null && capacity != null && capacity > 0) {
            capNote =
              pupils >= capacity
-                ? `${capacity.toLocaleString('en-GB')} places — at or above capacity`
+                ? `${capacity.toLocaleString('en-GB')} places (at or above capacity)`
                : `of ${capacity.toLocaleString('en-GB')} places (${Math.round((pupils / capacity) * 100)}% full)`;
          }
          return (
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ export function CompareCommunity({
        </Measure>

        <Measure
-          tip="% of pupils eligible for free school meals — a common measure of how many pupils come from lower-income families. Benchmark computed across state schools in our dataset."
+          tip="% of pupils eligible for free school meals, a common measure of how many pupils come from lower-income families. Benchmark computed across state schools in our dataset."
          label="Free school meals"
        >
        {schools.map((school, i) => {
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ export function CompareCommunity({
        </Measure>

        <Measure
-          tip="% of pupils receiving SEN support (not including EHC plans). A high figure can mean the school hosts specialist provision — often a strength, not a warning sign. State-school average computed from our dataset."
+          tip="% of pupils receiving SEN support (not including EHC plans). A high figure can mean the school hosts specialist provision, which is often a strength rather than a warning sign. State-school average computed from our dataset."
          label="Extra learning support (SEN)"
        >
        {schools.map((school, i) => {
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ function ResultCell({ display }: { display: OfstedDisplay }) {
    return (
      <>
        <strong style={{ fontSize: '0.9rem' }}>Report card</strong>
-        <span className={s.small}>New-style inspection — no overall grade is given</span>
+        <span className={s.small}>New-style inspection: no overall grade is given</span>
      </>
    );
  }
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ function JudgementDetailCell({
  if (published.length === 0) {
    return (
      <span className={s.small}>
-        We don&apos;t hold area-by-area detail for this inspection — see {schoolName}&apos;s
+        We don&apos;t hold area-by-area detail for this inspection. See {schoolName}&apos;s
        Ofsted page for the full report.
      </span>
    );
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@
 */

 import { useComparisonContext } from '@/context/ComparisonContext';
-import type { School, SimilarSchool } from '@/lib/types';
-import styles from './SimilarSchools.module.css';
+import type { School, NearbySchool } from '@/lib/types';
+import styles from './NearbySchools.module.css';

-export function AddToCompareButton({ school }: { school: SimilarSchool }) {
+export function AddToCompareButton({ school }: { school: NearbySchool }) {
  const { addSchool, removeSchool, selectedSchools } = useComparisonContext();
  const selected = selectedSchools.some((s) => s.urn === school.urn);

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ export function AddToCompareButton({ school }: { school: SimilarSchool }) {
      aria-pressed={selected}
    >
      {selected ? '✓ Added to compare' : '+ Add to compare'}
-      <span className={styles.srOnly}> — {school.school_name}</span>
+      <span className={styles.srOnly}>: {school.school_name}</span>
    </button>
  );
 }
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ export function AdmissionsSection({
          <><strong>{admissions.first_preference_applications}</strong> families put it first for </>
        )}
        {admissions.places_offered != null && <><strong>{admissions.places_offered}</strong> places</>}
-        {admissions.total_applications != null && ` — ${admissions.total_applications.toLocaleString()} applications in total`}.
+        {admissions.total_applications != null && ` (${admissions.total_applications.toLocaleString()} applications in total)`}.
      </p>
    </>
  );
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ export function DestinationsView({
                  data-group={card ?? 'none'}
                  className={`${styles.segment} ${styles[seg.category]} ${dimmed(card) ? styles.dim : ''}`}
                  style={{ width: `${seg.widthPct}%` }}
-                  title={`${CATEGORY_LABELS[seg.category]} — ${seg.labelPct}% (${seg.pupils} pupils)`}
+                  title={`${CATEGORY_LABELS[seg.category]}: ${seg.labelPct}% (${seg.pupils} pupils)`}
                >
                  {seg.widthPct >= 9 ? `${seg.labelPct}%` : ''}
                </div>
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ export function DestinationsView({
      <p className={styles.footnote}>
        Shares are rounded and may not add up to 100%. A pupil counted under a
        school sixth form may have moved to a different school&apos;s sixth
-        form — the published data records the type of place, not which one.
+        form. The published data records the type of place, not which one.
      </p>
    </div>
  );
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ export function GcseSection({
          that comparison isn't meaningful. */}
      {!suppressComparison && latestResults.attainment_8_score != null && (
        <div className={styles.att8Viz}>
-          <div className={styles.att8VizLabel}>Attainment 8 — school vs national</div>
+          <div className={styles.att8VizLabel}>Attainment 8: school vs national</div>
          <div className={styles.att8VizTrack}>
            <div
              className={styles.att8VizFill}
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ export function GcseSection({
      {/* Progress 8 number line with CI */}
      {latestResults.progress_8_score != null && !p8Suspended && (
        <div className={styles.p8Viz}>
-          <div className={styles.p8VizLabel}>Progress 8 — relative to national baseline (0)</div>
+          <div className={styles.p8VizLabel}>Progress 8: relative to national baseline (0)</div>
          {(() => {
            const p8 = latestResults.progress_8_score!;
            const lo = latestResults.progress_8_lower_ci ?? p8;
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ export function HistorySection({
        <>
          {hasKS2Results && (
            <>
-              <h3 className={styles.subSectionTitle}>Primary — KS2 SATs</h3>
+              <h3 className={styles.subSectionTitle}>Primary: KS2 SATs</h3>
              <div className={styles.chartContainer}>
                <PerformanceChart
                  data={yearlyData}
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ export function HistorySection({
          )}
          {hasKS4Results && (
            <>
-              <h3 className={styles.subSectionTitle} style={{ marginTop: '1.5rem' }}>Secondary — GCSEs</h3>
+              <h3 className={styles.subSectionTitle} style={{ marginTop: '1.5rem' }}>Secondary: GCSEs</h3>
              <div className={styles.chartContainer}>
                <PerformanceChart
                  data={yearlyData}
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@

 .shared { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.35rem; list-style: none; margin: 0 0 0.85rem; padding: 0; }
 .chip { font-size: 0.72rem; line-height: 1.4; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; border-radius: 999px; background: var(--brand-bg); color: var(--brand); border: 1px solid transparent; }
-.chipLoose { font-size: 0.72rem; line-height: 1.4; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; border-radius: 999px; background: transparent; color: var(--text-muted); border: 1px solid var(--border); }

 .metric { margin-top: auto; padding-top: 0.8rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }
 /* No valence colour here, deliberately: green and terracotta mean "against the
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 */

 import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState, type ReactNode } from 'react';
-import styles from './SimilarSchools.module.css';
+import styles from './NearbySchools.module.css';

 /** Three cards fit the row, so fewer than four has nowhere to scroll to.
 *  Below 640px the arrows are not rendered at all — see the stylesheet. */
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ const VISIBLE = 3;
 */
 const EDGE = 8;

-export function SimilarSchoolsCarousel({
+export function NearbySchoolsCarousel({
  count,
  labelledBy,
  header,
@@ -11,15 +11,15 @@

 import Link from 'next/link';
 import { useComparisonContext } from '@/context/ComparisonContext';
-import type { SimilarSchool } from '@/lib/types';
-import styles from './SimilarSchools.module.css';
+import type { NearbySchool } from '@/lib/types';
+import styles from './NearbySchools.module.css';

-export function SimilarSchoolsCompareBar({
+export function NearbySchoolsCompareBar({
  thisUrn,
  candidates,
 }: {
  thisUrn: number;
-  candidates: SimilarSchool[];
+  candidates: NearbySchool[];
 }) {
  const { selectedSchools } = useComparisonContext();

@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 /**
- * SimilarSchoolsSection — nearby schools of the same phase and a comparable
- * intake. Server component; only the carousel, the compare bar and the
- * add-to-compare button are client-side.
+ * NearbySchoolsSection — the nearest eligible schools, closest first. Server
+ * component; only the carousel, the compare bar and the add-to-compare button
+ * are client-side.
 *
- * The section is allowed to say exactly what the backend matched and no more.
- * The lede only claims a similar intake when no card came from tier 3, and a
- * card's chips list what that school actually shares rather than a match it
- * did not earn.
+ * "Other schools nearby", not "similar" ones: the order is distance and only
+ * distance. The hard filters upstream still guarantee the set is comparable —
+ * same phase, same selectivity, mainstream never beside special — but nothing
+ * here ranks by how alike two schools are, so the heading does not say it does.
+ *
+ * The chips report what a school shares, and may be absent entirely. That is
+ * information for the reader to weigh, not a verdict this section has already
+ * reached on their behalf.
 *
 * There is deliberately no "how these are chosen" panel: the method is already
 * visible in the lede, the chips and the distances. The single caption line is
@@ -14,18 +18,18 @@
 */

 import Link from 'next/link';
-import type { SimilarSchool } from '@/lib/types';
+import type { NearbySchool } from '@/lib/types';
 import { schoolUrl } from '@/lib/utils';
 import { AddToCompareButton } from './AddToCompareButton';
-import { SimilarSchoolsCarousel } from './SimilarSchoolsCarousel';
-import { SimilarSchoolsCompareBar } from './SimilarSchoolsCompareBar';
+import { NearbySchoolsCarousel } from './NearbySchoolsCarousel';
+import { NearbySchoolsCompareBar } from './NearbySchoolsCompareBar';
 import { Section } from './sectionShared';
-import styles from './SimilarSchools.module.css';
+import styles from './NearbySchools.module.css';

 const MINIMUM = 2;

-export function shouldRenderSimilar(similar?: SimilarSchool[] | null): boolean {
-  return (similar?.length ?? 0) >= MINIMUM;
+export function shouldRenderNearby(nearby?: NearbySchool[] | null): boolean {
+  return (nearby?.length ?? 0) >= MINIMUM;
 }

 /**
@@ -59,44 +63,39 @@ function formatMetric(value: number | null, key: string): string {
  return key === 'attainment_8_score' ? value.toFixed(1) : `${Math.round(value)}%`;
 }

-export function SimilarSchoolsSection({
+export function NearbySchoolsSection({
  urn,
  schoolName,
  phase,
  thisMetricValue,
-  similar,
+  nearby,
 }: {
  urn: number;
  schoolName: string;
  /** The school's own GIAS phase, not the template it renders with. */
  phase: string | null | undefined;
  thisMetricValue: number | null;
-  similar?: SimilarSchool[] | null;
+  nearby?: NearbySchool[] | null;
 }) {
-  if (!shouldRenderSimilar(similar)) return null;
-  const schools = similar as SimilarSchool[];
+  if (!shouldRenderNearby(nearby)) return null;
+  const schools = nearby as NearbySchool[];

  // One card matched on phase alone, so the section may not claim the set
  // shares an intake with this school.
-  const loosest = Math.max(...schools.map((s) => s.tier));
  const metricKey = schools[0].metric_key;
  const noun = nearbyNoun(phase);

  return (
-    <Section id="similar">
-      <SimilarSchoolsCarousel
+    <Section id="nearby">
+      <NearbySchoolsCarousel
        count={schools.length}
-        labelledBy="similar-schools-heading"
+        labelledBy="nearby-schools-heading"
        header={
          <div>
-            <h2 id="similar-schools-heading" className={styles.heading}>
-              Similar schools nearby
+            <h2 id="nearby-schools-heading" className={styles.heading}>
+              Other schools nearby
            </h2>
-            <p className={styles.lede}>
-              {loosest >= 3
-                ? `Other ${noun} near ${schoolName}.`
-                : `Other ${noun} near ${schoolName}, with a similar intake.`}
-            </p>
+            <p className={styles.lede}>{`Other ${noun} near ${schoolName}.`}</p>
          </div>
        }
      >
@@ -113,13 +112,13 @@ export function SimilarSchoolsSection({
                .filter(Boolean)
                .join(' · ')}
            </p>
-            <ul className={styles.shared}>
-              {school.shared.map((label) => (
-                <li key={label} className={school.tier >= 3 ? styles.chipLoose : styles.chip}>
-                  {label}
-                </li>
-              ))}
-            </ul>
+            {school.shared.length > 0 && (
+              <ul className={styles.shared}>
+                {school.shared.map((label) => (
+                  <li key={label} className={styles.chip}>{label}</li>
+                ))}
+              </ul>
+            )}
            <div className={styles.metric}>
              <p
                className={
@@ -138,9 +137,9 @@ export function SimilarSchoolsSection({
            <AddToCompareButton school={school} />
          </li>
        ))}
-      </SimilarSchoolsCarousel>
+      </NearbySchoolsCarousel>

-      <SimilarSchoolsCompareBar thisUrn={urn} candidates={schools} />
+      <NearbySchoolsCompareBar thisUrn={urn} candidates={schools} />

      {/* The one caveat the cards cannot make on their own: a reader who takes
          "0.6 miles away" for the walk has been misled, and nothing else here
@@ -114,14 +114,14 @@ export function OfstedSection({
          </div>
          <p className={styles.ofstedDisclaimer}>
            {ofsted.grade_source === 'ungraded_carried_forward'
-              ? 'This overall grade is carried forward from an earlier inspection — Ofsted has since visited without issuing a new overall grade. From September 2024, Ofsted no longer makes an overall effectiveness judgement.'
+              ? 'This overall grade is carried forward from an earlier inspection. Ofsted has since visited without issuing a new overall grade. From September 2024, Ofsted no longer makes an overall effectiveness judgement.'
              : isSecondary
                ? 'From September 2024, Ofsted no longer makes an overall effectiveness judgement in inspections.'
                : 'From September 2024, Ofsted no longer makes an overall effectiveness judgement in inspections of state-funded schools.'}
          </p>
          {oeifAllSameGrade ? (
            <p className={styles.ofstedAllSame}>
-              Rated <strong>{OFSTED_LABELS[ofsted.overall_effectiveness!]}</strong> across all inspected areas — Quality of Teaching, Behaviour, Pupils&apos; Development and Leadership.
+              Rated <strong>{OFSTED_LABELS[ofsted.overall_effectiveness!]}</strong> across all inspected areas: Quality of Teaching, Behaviour, Pupils&apos; Development and Leadership.
            </p>
          ) : (
            <div className={`${styles.metricsGrid} ${styles.gradeGrid}`}>
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 import type {
  School, SchoolResult, AbsenceData, OfstedInspection, SchoolCensus,
  SchoolAdmissions, SchoolAdmissionDistance, SchoolDeprivation, SchoolFinance, NationalAverages,
-  SimilarSchool,
+  NearbySchool,
 } from '@/lib/types';
 import { ofstedLegacyAreas } from '@/lib/utils';
 import type { SchoolFlags } from '@/lib/schoolSections';
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import { HistorySection } from './HistorySection';
 import { SchoolLifeSection } from './SchoolLifeSection';
 import { LocalAreaSection } from './LocalAreaSection';
 import { FinancesSection } from './FinancesSection';
-import { SimilarSchoolsSection } from './SimilarSchoolsSection';
+import { NearbySchoolsSection } from './NearbySchoolsSection';

 export interface PrimarySchoolSectionsProps {
  schoolInfo: School;
@@ -42,14 +42,14 @@ export interface PrimarySchoolSectionsProps {
  finance: SchoolFinance | null;
  nationalAvg: NationalAverages | null;
  /** Nearby schools of a comparable intake. Absent on an older API build. */
-  similarSchools?: SimilarSchool[];
+  nearbySchools?: NearbySchool[];
  flags: SchoolFlags;
 }

 export function PrimarySchoolSections({
  schoolInfo, yearlyData, absenceData, ofsted, census,
  admissions, admissionsHistory, admissionDistance,
-  deprivation, finance, nationalAvg, similarSchools, flags,
+  deprivation, finance, nationalAvg, nearbySchools, flags,
 }: PrimarySchoolSectionsProps) {
  const primaryAvg = nationalAvg?.primary ?? {};
  const secondaryAvg = nationalAvg?.secondary ?? {};
@@ -152,12 +152,12 @@ export function PrimarySchoolSections({
      {flags.hasFinance && finance && <FinancesSection finance={finance} />}

      {/* Last: it is where the reader goes next, not part of this school. */}
-      <SimilarSchoolsSection
+      <NearbySchoolsSection
        urn={schoolInfo.urn}
        schoolName={schoolInfo.school_name}
        phase={schoolInfo.phase}
        thisMetricValue={flags.latestResults?.rwm_expected_pct ?? null}
-        similar={similarSchools}
+        nearby={nearbySchools}
      />
    </>
  );
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ export function ResultsSection({
              ? 'GCSE results for Year 11 pupils.'
              : 'End-of-primary-school tests taken by Year 6 pupils.')
          : isAllThrough
-            ? 'KS2 SATs (end of Year 6) and GCSE results (Year 11) — this school covers both. England averages shown for comparison.'
+            ? 'This school covers both KS2 SATs (end of Year 6) and GCSE results (Year 11). England averages shown for comparison.'
            : isSecondary
              ? 'GCSE results for Year 11 pupils. England averages shown for comparison.'
              : 'End-of-primary-school tests taken by Year 6 pupils. England averages shown for comparison.'}
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ export function ResultsSection({
      {hasKS2Results && (
        <>
          {isAllThrough && (
-            <h3 className={styles.subSectionTitle}>Primary — KS2 SATs (Year 6)</h3>
+            <h3 className={styles.subSectionTitle}>Primary: KS2 SATs (Year 6)</h3>
          )}
          <div className={styles.heroStatGrid}>
            {latestResults.rwm_expected_pct !== null && (
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ export function ResultsSection({
      {hasKS4Results && (
        <>
          {isAllThrough && (
-            <h3 className={styles.subSectionTitle} style={{ marginTop: '1.5rem' }}>Secondary — GCSEs (Year 11)</h3>
+            <h3 className={styles.subSectionTitle} style={{ marginTop: '1.5rem' }}>Secondary: GCSEs (Year 11)</h3>
          )}
          <div className={styles.metricsGrid}>
            {latestResults.attainment_8_score !== null && (
@@ -283,6 +283,21 @@
 }


+/* `position: sticky` with a z-index makes .sectionNav a stacking context, so
+   the jump sheet's own z-index only orders it INSIDE that context. Against the
+   fixed bottom tab bar (Navigation.module.css, z-index 1000) what counts is
+   .sectionNav's 10 — which is why the sheet's last item was painted over, and
+   untappable, once the list grew long enough to reach the bar.
+
+   Lifted only while the sheet is open, and only to 1100: above the bar, below
+   the comparison toast (2000), the fullscreen map (5000) and the info popover
+   (9999). This rule carries the z-index and nothing else; every other
+   declaration belongs to .sectionNav in both states. */
+.sectionNavSheetOpen {
+    z-index: 1100;
+}
+
+
 .sectionNavBack {
    flex: none;
    display: inline-flex;
@@ -229,8 +229,8 @@ export function SchoolDetailShell({
            </div>
            {isProposedToClose(schoolInfo) && (
              <div className={styles.closingStrip} role="note">
-                <strong>⚠ Proposed to close</strong> — this school is proposed for closure,
-                check with the local authority before applying.
+                <strong>⚠ Proposed to close.</strong> Check with the local authority before
+                applying.
              </div>
            )}
            {schoolInfo.address && (
@@ -344,7 +344,10 @@ export function SchoolDetailShell({
      </header>

      {/* Sticky Section Navigation — docks under the global header */}
-      <nav className={styles.sectionNav} aria-label="Page sections">
+      <nav
+        className={`${styles.sectionNav}${sectionsOpen ? ` ${styles.sectionNavSheetOpen}` : ''}`}
+        aria-label="Page sections"
+      >
        <button onClick={scrollToTop} className={styles.sectionNavBack} aria-label="Back to top">
          <span aria-hidden="true">↑</span>
          <span className={styles.sectionNavBackLabel}>Top</span>
@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ export function SecondaryAdmissionsSection({

      {admissionsTag && (
        <div className={`${styles.admissionsTypeBadge} ${admissionsTag === 'Selective' ? styles.admissionsSelective : styles.admissionsFaith}`}>
-          <strong>{admissionsTag}</strong>{' '}
+          <strong>{admissionsTag}:</strong>{' '}
          {admissionsTag === 'Selective'
-            ? '— Entry to this school is by selective examination (e.g. 11+).'
-            : `— This school has a faith-based admissions priority (${schoolInfo.religious_denomination}).`}
+            ? 'entry to this school is by selective examination (e.g. 11+).'
+            : `this school has a faith-based admissions priority (${schoolInfo.religious_denomination}).`}
        </div>
      )}

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 import type {
  School, SchoolResult, AbsenceData, OfstedInspection, SchoolCensus,
  SchoolAdmissions, SchoolAdmissionDistance, SchoolDeprivation, SchoolFinance, NationalAverages,
-  SchoolDestinations, SimilarSchool,
+  SchoolDestinations, NearbySchool,
 } from '@/lib/types';
 import { ofstedLegacyAreas } from '@/lib/utils';
 import type { SecondaryFlags } from '@/lib/schoolSections';
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import { DistanceSection } from './DistanceSection';
 import { SecondaryHistorySection } from './SecondaryHistorySection';
 import { WellbeingSection } from './WellbeingSection';
 import { FinancesSection } from './FinancesSection';
-import { SimilarSchoolsSection } from './SimilarSchoolsSection';
+import { NearbySchoolsSection } from './NearbySchoolsSection';
 import styles from './schoolSections.module.css';

 export interface SecondarySchoolSectionsProps {
@@ -49,14 +49,14 @@ export interface SecondarySchoolSectionsProps {
  nationalAvg: NationalAverages | null;
  destinations: SchoolDestinations | null;
  /** Nearby schools of a comparable intake. Absent on an older API build. */
-  similarSchools?: SimilarSchool[];
+  nearbySchools?: NearbySchool[];
  flags: SecondaryFlags;
 }

 export function SecondarySchoolSections({
  schoolInfo, yearlyData, ofsted, census,
  admissions, admissionsHistory, admissionDistance,
-  deprivation, finance, nationalAvg, destinations, similarSchools, flags,
+  deprivation, finance, nationalAvg, destinations, nearbySchools, flags,
 }: SecondarySchoolSectionsProps) {
  const secondaryAvg = nationalAvg?.secondary ?? {};

@@ -146,12 +146,12 @@ export function SecondarySchoolSections({
      )}

      {/* Last: it is where the reader goes next, not part of this school. */}
-      <SimilarSchoolsSection
+      <NearbySchoolsSection
        urn={schoolInfo.urn}
        schoolName={schoolInfo.school_name}
        phase={schoolInfo.phase}
        thisMetricValue={flags.latestResults?.attainment_8_score ?? null}
-        similar={similarSchools}
+        nearby={nearbySchools}
      />
    </div>
  );
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ export interface CutoffDisplay {
 /** What the cut-off measures, and what it does not. Identical on both templates. */
 export const CUTOFF_NOTE =
  'The furthest home offered a place, after higher priorities such as siblings, ' +
-  'faith and EHCP were applied. It is not a fixed catchment — it moves every year ' +
+  'faith and EHCP were applied. It is not a fixed catchment. It moves every year ' +
  'with the number of applications.';

 /** Straight-line, because that is how councils measure it. */
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export function describeCutoff(
    entryYear: formatEntryYear(distance.year),
    routeNote:
      routes > 1
-        ? `Furthest of ${routes} admission routes at this school — the one that ` +
+        ? `Furthest of ${routes} admission routes at this school. The one that ` +
          'applies to your child may have had a shorter cut-off.'
        : null,
  };
@@ -122,10 +122,10 @@ export function compareToCutoff(
  const cutoffPhrase = `the September ${year} cut-off of ${cutoffLabel}`;
  const headline =
    verdict === 'inside'
-      ? `${label} away — inside ${cutoffPhrase}.`
+      ? `${label} away, inside ${cutoffPhrase}.`
      : verdict === 'outside'
-        ? `${label} away — beyond ${cutoffPhrase}.`
-        : `${label} away — too close to ${cutoffPhrase} to call.`;
+        ? `${label} away, beyond ${cutoffPhrase}.`
+        : `${label} away, too close to ${cutoffPhrase} to call.`;

  const detail =
    verdict === 'too-close'
@@ -156,11 +156,11 @@ export function compareToCutoff(
 */
 export const CUTOFF_CHECK_CAVEAT =
  'Distance is the last criterion applied. Places go first to children in care, '
-  + 'EHCP places, siblings and — at faith schools — on faith criteria, so a home '
+  + 'EHCP places and siblings, and at faith schools by faith criteria, so a home '
  + 'inside the distance can still miss out. Figures are straight-line distances '
  + 'and not a catchment boundary; some authorities measure a walking route '
  + "instead, which is always longer for the same home. Next year's cut-off "
-  + "depends on next year's applicants — always check the school's own "
+  + "depends on next year's applicants, so always check the school's own "
  + 'admissions policy.';

 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -16,32 +16,32 @@ export const METRIC_EXPLANATIONS: Record<string, MetricExplanation> = {
    detail: 'The national average is around 60%. Higher means more pupils reached the expected level.',
  },
  rwm_high_pct: {
-    label: 'Higher Standard — Reading, Writing & Maths',
+    label: 'Higher Standard: Reading, Writing & Maths',
    plain: '% of pupils exceeding the expected level in all three subjects',
    detail: 'A more demanding threshold. The national average is around 8%.',
  },
  reading_expected_pct: {
-    label: 'Reading — Expected Standard',
+    label: 'Reading: Expected Standard',
    plain: '% of pupils achieving the expected standard in reading at age 11',
  },
  writing_expected_pct: {
-    label: 'Writing — Expected Standard',
+    label: 'Writing: Expected Standard',
    plain: '% of pupils achieving the expected standard in writing at age 11',
  },
  maths_expected_pct: {
-    label: 'Maths — Expected Standard',
+    label: 'Maths: Expected Standard',
    plain: '% of pupils achieving the expected standard in maths at age 11',
  },
  reading_high_pct: {
-    label: 'Reading — Higher Standard',
+    label: 'Reading: Higher Standard',
    plain: '% of pupils exceeding the expected level in reading',
  },
  writing_high_pct: {
-    label: 'Writing — Higher Standard',
+    label: 'Writing: Higher Standard',
    plain: '% of pupils exceeding the expected level in writing',
  },
  maths_high_pct: {
-    label: 'Maths — Higher Standard',
+    label: 'Maths: Higher Standard',
    plain: '% of pupils exceeding the expected level in maths',
  },
  gps_expected_pct: {
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ export const METRIC_EXPLANATIONS: Record<string, MetricExplanation> = {
    detail: 'Lower is better. Persistent absence can significantly affect attainment.',
  },
  rwm_expected_disadvantaged_pct: {
-    label: 'Disadvantaged Pupils — Reading, Writing & Maths',
+    label: 'Disadvantaged Pupils: Reading, Writing & Maths',
    plain: '% of disadvantaged pupils achieving the expected standard in all three subjects',
  },
  disadvantaged_gap: {
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ export const METRIC_EXPLANATIONS: Record<string, MetricExplanation> = {
  },
  sen_ehcp_pct: {
    label: 'Education, Health and Care Plan (EHCP)',
-    plain: '% of pupils with a formal EHCP — a legal plan for pupils with significant additional needs',
+    plain: '% of pupils with a formal EHCP (a legal plan for pupils with significant additional needs)',
  },
  eal_pct: {
    label: 'English as an Additional Language',
@@ -128,26 +128,26 @@ export const METRIC_EXPLANATIONS: Record<string, MetricExplanation> = {
    detail: '0 = national average. Positive means better-than-expected progress; negative means lower-than-expected. A score above +0.5 is considered well above average.',
  },
  english_maths_standard_pass_pct: {
-    label: 'English & Maths — Grade 4+ (Standard Pass)',
+    label: 'English & Maths: Grade 4+ (Standard Pass)',
    plain: '% of pupils achieving at least a grade 4 in both English and Maths',
    detail: 'Grade 4 is the minimum "standard pass". Employers and colleges often require grade 4 in English and Maths.',
  },
  english_maths_strong_pass_pct: {
-    label: 'English & Maths — Grade 5+ (Strong Pass)',
+    label: 'English & Maths: Grade 5+ (Strong Pass)',
    plain: '% of pupils achieving at least a grade 5 in both English and Maths',
    detail: 'Grade 5 is a "strong pass". Many sixth forms and universities expect grade 5 in English and Maths.',
  },
  ebacc_entry_pct: {
    label: 'EBacc Entry',
-    plain: '% of pupils who entered the English Baccalaureate — a set of GCSE subjects covering English, Maths, Sciences, a Language, and Humanities',
+    plain: '% of pupils who entered the English Baccalaureate (a set of GCSE subjects covering English, Maths, Sciences, a Language and Humanities)',
    detail: 'EBacc entry keeps academic options open post-16. It is not a separate qualification.',
  },
  ebacc_standard_pass_pct: {
-    label: 'EBacc — Grade 4+ (Standard Pass)',
+    label: 'EBacc: Grade 4+ (Standard Pass)',
    plain: '% of pupils achieving grade 4 or above across all EBacc subjects',
  },
  ebacc_strong_pass_pct: {
-    label: 'EBacc — Grade 5+ (Strong Pass)',
+    label: 'EBacc: Grade 5+ (Strong Pass)',
    plain: '% of pupils achieving grade 5 or above across all EBacc subjects',
  },
  ebacc_avg_score: {
@@ -128,10 +128,10 @@ export interface NavItemsInput {
   *  measure a postcode, so the nav must gate on them too or it will link to an
   *  anchor that was never rendered. */
  hasLocation?: boolean;
-  /** Whether the similar-schools section will render. Optional for the same
+  /** Whether the nearby-schools section will render. Optional for the same
   *  reason hasLocation is: the nav must never link to an anchor that was not
   *  rendered, and absent has to mean "no section". */
-  hasSimilarSchools?: boolean;
+  hasNearbySchools?: boolean;
  yearlyDataLength: number;
 }

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ export function buildNavItems(
  flags: SchoolFlags,
  {
    ofsted, admissions, admissionDistance, hasLocation,
-    hasSimilarSchools, yearlyDataLength,
+    hasNearbySchools, yearlyDataLength,
  }: NavItemsInput,
 ): NavItem[] {
  const navItems: NavItem[] = [];
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ export function buildNavItems(
  if (flags.hasDeprivation) navItems.push({ id: 'local-area', label: 'Local Area' });
  if (flags.hasFinance) navItems.push({ id: 'finances', label: 'Finances' });
  // Last, because the section renders last — the scroll-spy reads this order.
-  if (hasSimilarSchools) navItems.push({ id: 'similar', label: 'Similar schools' });
+  if (hasNearbySchools) navItems.push({ id: 'nearby', label: 'Nearby schools' });
  return navItems;
 }

@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ export function buildSecondaryNavItems(
  flags: SecondaryFlags,
  {
    ofsted, admissions, admissionDistance, hasLocation,
-    hasSimilarSchools, yearlyDataLength,
+    hasNearbySchools, yearlyDataLength,
  }: NavItemsInput,
 ): NavItem[] {
  const navItems: NavItem[] = [];
@@ -270,6 +270,6 @@ export function buildSecondaryNavItems(
  if (flags.hasWellbeing) navItems.push({ id: 'wellbeing', label: 'Wellbeing' });
  if (flags.hasFinance) navItems.push({ id: 'finances', label: 'Finances' });
  // Last, because the section renders last — the scroll-spy reads this order.
-  if (hasSimilarSchools) navItems.push({ id: 'similar', label: 'Similar schools' });
+  if (hasNearbySchools) navItems.push({ id: 'nearby', label: 'Nearby schools' });
  return navItems;
 }
@@ -347,21 +347,20 @@ export interface SchoolsResponse {
 }

 /**
- * A nearby school of the same phase and a comparable intake.
+ * A nearby school, from the nearest-first set the detail page shows.
 *
- * `tier` is carried explicitly rather than inferred from `shared`, because it
- * drives two separate decisions — whether the lede may claim a similar intake,
- * and whether a chip renders as a fill or a muted outline — and inferring it
- * from chip count would couple those decisions to the copy.
+ * `shared` is what this school genuinely has in common with the one being
+ * viewed, and may be empty. It is reported, never ranked on: an earlier
+ * version ordered by it and buried the school down the road under faith
+ * matches three times further away.
 */
-export interface SimilarSchool {
+export interface NearbySchool {
  urn: number;
  school_name: string;
  distance_miles: number;
  school_type: string | null;
  age_range: string | null;
  shared: string[];
-  tier: number;
  metric_value: number | null;
  metric_key: string;
  metric_year: number | null;
@@ -379,13 +378,13 @@ export interface SchoolDetailsResponse {
   */
  places?: SchoolPlace[];
  /**
-   * Up to six nearby schools of a comparable intake, nearest first.
+   * Up to six nearby eligible schools, nearest first.
   *
   * Optional for the same reason as `places`: a frontend deployed ahead of the
   * API that serves this must render without it. Absent and empty mean the
   * same thing here — no section.
   */
-  similar_schools?: SimilarSchool[];
+  nearby_schools?: NearbySchool[];
  yearly_data: SchoolResult[];
  absence_data: AbsenceData | null;
  // Supplementary data (null until Kestra populates)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ export function formatWithSuppression(value: number | null | undefined): { displ
  return { display: formatPercentage(value), suppressed: false };
 }

-export const SUPPRESSED_TOOLTIP = 'Data not available — may be suppressed to protect small cohorts.';
+export const SUPPRESSED_TOOLTIP = 'Data not available. It may be suppressed to protect small cohorts.';

 /**
 * Format a progress score (can be negative)
@@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ export function buildSchoolSummary(
    if (admissions.first_preference_offer_pct != null) {
      const pct = Math.round(admissions.first_preference_offer_pct);
      parts.push(
-        `oversubscribed — ${pct}% of first-choice applicants are offered a place`,
+        `oversubscribed (${pct}% of first-choice applicants are offered a place)`,
      );
    } else {
      parts.push('oversubscribed');
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
TudorandClaude Opus 5.5	d1688ac150	copy(web): replace em dashes in public copy PR Checks / Frontend Typecheck + Tests (pull_request) Successful in 1m14s Details PR Checks / Backend Smoke (pull_request) Successful in 10s Details PR Checks / Build Backend (no push) (pull_request) Successful in 19s Details PR Checks / Build Frontend (no push) (pull_request) Successful in 1m19s Details PR Checks / Build Pipeline (no push) (pull_request) Successful in 11s Details PR Checks / AI Code Review (Claude) (pull_request) Successful in 1m20s Details Rewrites every visitor-facing string that used an em dash, choosing the punctuation for what the dash was doing: a colon before a list or explanation, a comma for an aside, a full stop between two thoughts, parentheses for an aside mid-sentence. Covers page titles and meta descriptions, the home and admissions guide copy, school page headings and notes, the compare page, metric labels and tooltips. Two rewrites also fix the sentence around them: the closure banner no longer repeats "proposed for closure", and the cut-off caveat's list of priorities now parses. A lone dash marking a missing value in a table cell stays: it is a data convention, not prose. A Jest guard walks the source with the TypeScript parser and fails on any other em dash in a string or JSX text node. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-09-24 22:04:27 +01:00
tudor	271ffe92d4	Merge pull request 'fix(web): lift the mobile jump sheet above the bottom tab bar' (#154 ) from fix/jump-sheet-under-bottom-bar into main Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / prepare (push) Successful in 1s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Build Backend (FastAPI) (push) Successful in 21s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Build Frontend (Next.js) (push) Successful in 1m23s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Build Pipeline (Meltano + dbt + Airflow) (push) Successful in 14s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Deploy to Staging (push) Successful in 28s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / E2E Journeys against Staging (push) Successful in 3m0s Details Reviewed-on: #154	2026-09-22 19:55:00 +00:00
TudorandClaude Opus 5	0571d1c0ff	fix(web): stop the sheet-open rule stealing .sectionNav's layout PR Checks / Frontend Typecheck + Tests (pull_request) Successful in 1m12s Details PR Checks / Backend Smoke (pull_request) Successful in 9s Details PR Checks / Build Backend (no push) (pull_request) Successful in 18s Details PR Checks / Build Frontend (no push) (pull_request) Successful in 1m17s Details PR Checks / Build Pipeline (no push) (pull_request) Successful in 11s Details PR Checks / AI Code Review (Claude) (pull_request) Successful in 1m18s Details Review catch, and a bad one: the previous commit anchored its insertion on `padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;` and closed .sectionNav there. Everything that followed in the rule — margin-bottom, box-shadow, display: flex, align-items, gap — was orphaned into .sectionNavSheetOpen, which is only applied while the mobile jump sheet is open. So the sticky nav lost its flex layout, spacing and shadow in the closed state, which is virtually every page view on every school detail page. A site-wide regression introduced by a fix for one mobile menu. Redone by anchoring on the complete rule, closing brace included, so nothing can be orphaned. .sectionNav is now byte-identical to main and the diff is purely additive; .sectionNavSheetOpen carries the z-index and nothing else. The staging experiment that validated this fix set nav.style.zIndex = '1100' with every other declaration intact, so it was always testing this version rather than the broken one. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-09-22 20:43:58 +01:00
TudorandClaude Opus 5	180d6e9b3e	fix(web): lift the jump sheet above the bottom tab bar PR Checks / Frontend Typecheck + Tests (pull_request) Successful in 1m14s Details PR Checks / Backend Smoke (pull_request) Successful in 10s Details PR Checks / Build Backend (no push) (pull_request) Successful in 17s Details PR Checks / Build Frontend (no push) (pull_request) Successful in 1m19s Details PR Checks / Build Pipeline (no push) (pull_request) Successful in 11s Details PR Checks / AI Code Review (Claude) (pull_request) Failing after 37s Details On mobile the last item in "Jump to section" was painted over by the fixed bottom tab bar and could not be tapped. Reported as nearby schools missing from the menu; it was there, underneath the bar. The sticky nav sets `position: sticky` with `z-index: 10`, which makes it a stacking context. The sheet's own `z-index: 1600` therefore orders it only inside that context — against the tab bar (z-index 1000) the nav's 10 is what counts, so the bar wins. Verified on staging: every menu item returns itself from elementFromPoint except the last, which returns the tab bar. Latent rather than new. With five sections the list stopped just above the bar; "Nearby schools" made six, and the sixth is the first to reach it. Any section added later would have done the same. Lifted only while the sheet is open, and only to 1100 — above the bar, below the comparison toast (2000), the fullscreen map (5000) and the info popover (9999). The backdrop rises with it, so tapping over the bar now dismisses the sheet instead of navigating away. The journey asks what a thumb asks: for each item, whether it is the topmost element at its own centre. A bounding-box check cannot see this — the item is in the viewport and the right size, just underneath something. Confirmed to fail against current staging, naming "Nearby schools", before the fix. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-09-22 20:35:25 +01:00
tudor	80f405123e	Merge pull request 'test(e2e): wait for the carousel's smooth scroll to settle before measuring it' (#153 ) from fix/nearby-journey-waits-for-smooth-scroll into main Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / prepare (push) Successful in 1s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Build Backend (FastAPI) (push) Successful in 19s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Build Frontend (Next.js) (push) Successful in 1m25s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Build Pipeline (Meltano + dbt + Airflow) (push) Successful in 13s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Deploy to Staging (push) Successful in 28s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / E2E Journeys against Staging (push) Successful in 2m53s Details Reviewed-on: #153	2026-09-22 14:55:16 +00:00
TudorandClaude Opus 5	077aca6008	test(e2e): wait for the carousel's smooth scroll to settle before measuring it PR Checks / Frontend Typecheck + Tests (pull_request) Successful in 1m12s Details PR Checks / Backend Smoke (pull_request) Successful in 10s Details PR Checks / Build Backend (no push) (pull_request) Successful in 18s Details PR Checks / Build Frontend (no push) (pull_request) Successful in 1m18s Details PR Checks / Build Pipeline (no push) (pull_request) Successful in 11s Details PR Checks / AI Code Review (Claude) (pull_request) Successful in 32s Details Second failure of the same assertion, and the first fix addressed a real but different problem. This is the one that was actually producing the number. The arrows scroll with `behavior: 'smooth'`. The test polled for "has it moved at all" — satisfied 50ms in, at 13px of a 1300px journey — then recorded the offset, clicked, and recorded again. The row was still travelling throughout, so the delta it measured was the tail of the arrow's animation, not the effect of the selection. Hence a deterministic 659, roughly half of the 1317 this school's row scrolls. Measured against staging rather than reasoned about: the animation runs about 700ms, and the samples are in the helper's comment. settledScrollLeft waits for two identical readings before trusting one. The app was never at fault — driving staging by hand, the offset holds at 1317 across the selection, exactly as intended. Verified against staging both ways: main's version of this test fails there, this version passes, along with all three mobile widths. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-09-22 15:13:32 +01:00
tudor	9dba5ff1ff	Merge pull request 'test(e2e): fix the nearby-schools journey clicking a card it scrolled past' (#152 ) from fix/nearby-scroll-journey-clicks-offscreen-card into main Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / prepare (push) Successful in 1s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Build Backend (FastAPI) (push) Successful in 20s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Build Frontend (Next.js) (push) Successful in 1m23s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Build Pipeline (Meltano + dbt + Airflow) (push) Successful in 13s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Deploy to Staging (push) Successful in 25s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / E2E Journeys against Staging (push) Failing after 2m49s Details Reviewed-on: #152	2026-09-22 13:50:25 +00:00
TudorandClaude Opus 5	f530a912bc	test(e2e): stop the nearby-schools journey clicking a card it scrolled past PR Checks / Frontend Typecheck + Tests (pull_request) Successful in 1m12s Details PR Checks / Backend Smoke (pull_request) Successful in 9s Details PR Checks / Build Backend (no push) (pull_request) Successful in 18s Details PR Checks / Build Frontend (no push) (pull_request) Successful in 1m18s Details PR Checks / Build Pipeline (no push) (pull_request) Successful in 11s Details PR Checks / AI Code Review (Claude) (pull_request) Successful in 21s Details The assertion that adding to compare does not reset the carousel failed on staging: 537 → 2. The app was not at fault. Playwright scrolls a target into view before clicking, and the test clicked the FIRST card's button after paging the row to the end — so Playwright scrolled the container back to the start, and the assertion measured that. Reproduced on a static page with no React on it: a snap scroller at 615, Playwright clicks the off-screen first card, scrollLeft becomes 2. Scroll-snap was ruled out first — mandatory, proximity and no-snap all behave identically when the button mutates in place. Now clicks the last card's button, which is visible at the end of the travel, and allows a few pixels for snap and sub-pixel adjustment while still failing on a reset to the start. The property was never actually under test before; it is now. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-09-22 14:19:00 +01:00
tudor	029fe8d8a6	Merge pull request 'fix: order nearby schools by distance, not by how alike they are' (#151 ) from fix/nearby-schools-order-by-distance into main Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / prepare (push) Successful in 1s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Build Backend (FastAPI) (push) Successful in 21s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Build Frontend (Next.js) (push) Successful in 1m24s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Build Pipeline (Meltano + dbt + Airflow) (push) Successful in 13s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Deploy to Staging (push) Successful in 30s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / E2E Journeys against Staging (push) Failing after 2m51s Details Reviewed-on: #151	2026-09-22 13:09:38 +00:00
TudorandClaude Opus 5	cd1c5d1e1a	docs: revise the spec to the design that survived staging PR Checks / Frontend Typecheck + Tests (pull_request) Successful in 1m15s Details PR Checks / Backend Smoke (pull_request) Successful in 9s Details PR Checks / Build Backend (no push) (pull_request) Successful in 19s Details PR Checks / Build Frontend (no push) (pull_request) Successful in 1m18s Details PR Checks / Build Pipeline (no push) (pull_request) Successful in 11s Details PR Checks / AI Code Review (Claude) (pull_request) Successful in 57s Details The spec described the tier system as the design of record. It is gone, so the document was describing something the code deliberately does not do. The revision note and the "why not, having built it the other way first" passage are kept rather than overwritten. The mistake is the instructive part: treating a preference as a constraint inverted the ranking, and the stopping rule added to prevent weak distant matches is what guaranteed six Catholic schools and no community school down the road. A spec that quietly presents the second design as the plan teaches nobody why the first one failed. The mockup link is annotated as one revision behind rather than silently left to look current. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-09-22 13:06:32 +01:00
TudorandClaude Opus 5	cd6a45bf7d	refactor: rename similar → nearby, so the code says what the section does The section ranks on distance and is headed "Other schools nearby", but every identifier still called it "similar" — the exact drift that leaves a later reader trusting a name over the behaviour. Mechanical: files, the module, the payload key, the type, the components, the prop. No behaviour change; the suites are unchanged in count and still green. Free to do now because #150 has not merged, so the payload key rename needs no lockstep deploy. Uses of "similar" that are ordinary English — progress measures compared to similar pupils, and unrelated comments — are untouched. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-09-22 13:06:32 +01:00
TudorandClaude Opus 5	5c0ccc693d	fix: order nearby schools by distance, not by how alike they are Reported from staging: a Catholic primary showed six Catholic primaries, none of them close enough to be a real option, and omitted the community school down the road. Three causes, compounding. Ranking put tier before distance, so a faith match at 2.9 miles outranked a community school at 0.3. The ENOUGH=3 stopping rule — added so a cap of six would not drag in weak distant matches — filled the row from the best tier before it ever widened, which is what made every card Catholic. And a 3-mile tier-1 radius is sane for a secondary and most of a city for a primary, whose catchments are routinely under a mile. The premise was backwards. For a parent, distance is a constraint and intake is a preference; a school beyond a primary catchment is not a weaker option, it is not an option. So distance now decides the order and nothing else does. The hard filters are untouched — they were always where the defensibility lived. Similarity survives as chips on the card: reported, so a reader applies their own weighting, rather than ranked, so we apply ours for them. Reach is capped per phase (primary 2, secondary 6, post-16 10) as a sanity bound, not a target: ordering already handles density, so the cap only decides what happens where an area is sparse. A primary with nothing inside two miles now renders no section, which is the honest answer. Deleted: the tier system, the stopping rule, the tier-dependent lede, the `tier` field, the tier-3 fallback chip and its style. select_similar also stops taking is_secondary — it reads the phase from the subject's own row, so no caller can hand it one that disagrees with the data. The heading is now "Other schools nearby". The hard filters still guarantee a comparable set, but nothing ranks on likeness, so the heading no longer says it does. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-09-22 13:06:32 +01:00
tudor	151cf4bc80	Merge pull request 'feat: similar schools nearby on the detail page' (#150 ) from feat/similar-schools-nearby into main Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / prepare (push) Successful in 1s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Build Backend (FastAPI) (push) Successful in 44s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Build Frontend (Next.js) (push) Successful in 1m25s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Build Pipeline (Meltano + dbt + Airflow) (push) Successful in 2m14s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / Deploy to Staging (push) Successful in 6s Details Stage (build -> staging -> E2E gate) / E2E Journeys against Staging (push) Failing after 42s Details Reviewed-on: #150	2026-09-22 05:53:06 +00:00