school_compare/integrator/scripts/sources/ofsted.py

"""
Ofsted Monthly Management Information CSV downloader and loader.

Source: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/monthly-management-information-ofsteds-school-inspections-outcomes
Update: Monthly (released ~2 weeks into each month)
"""
import argparse
import re
import sys
from datetime import date, datetime
from pathlib import Path

import pandas as pd
import requests

sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
from config import SUPPLEMENTARY_DIR
from db import get_session

# Current Ofsted MI download URL — update this when Ofsted releases a new file.
# The URL follows a predictable pattern; we attempt to discover it from the GOV.UK page.
GOV_UK_PAGE = "https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/monthly-management-information-ofsteds-school-inspections-outcomes"

# Column name → internal field, listed in priority order per field.
# First matching column wins; later entries are fallbacks for older file formats.
COLUMN_PRIORITY = {
    "urn": ["URN", "Urn", "urn"],
    "inspection_date": [
        "Inspection start date of latest OEIF graded inspection",
        "Inspection start date",
        "Inspection date",
        "InspectionDate",
    ],
    "publication_date": [
        "Publication date of latest OEIF graded inspection",
        "Publication date",
        "PublicationDate",
    ],
    "inspection_type": [
        "Inspection type of latest OEIF graded inspection",
        "Inspection type",
        "InspectionType",
    ],
    "overall_effectiveness": [
        "Latest OEIF overall effectiveness",
        "Overall effectiveness",
        "OverallEffectiveness",
    ],
    "quality_of_education": [
        "Latest OEIF quality of education",
        "Quality of education",
        "QualityOfEducation",
    ],
    "behaviour_attitudes": [
        "Latest OEIF behaviour and attitudes",
        "Behaviour and attitudes",
        "BehaviourAndAttitudes",
    ],
    "personal_development": [
        "Latest OEIF personal development",
        "Personal development",
        "PersonalDevelopment",
    ],
    "leadership_management": [
        "Latest OEIF effectiveness of leadership and management",
        "Leadership and management",
        "LeadershipAndManagement",
    ],
    "early_years_provision": [
        "Latest OEIF early years provision (where applicable)",
        "Early years provision",
        "EarlyYearsProvision",
    ],
}

GRADE_MAP = {
    "Outstanding": 1, "1": 1, 1: 1,
    "Good": 2, "2": 2, 2: 2,
    "Requires improvement": 3, "3": 3, 3: 3,
    "Requires Improvement": 3,
    "Inadequate": 4, "4": 4, 4: 4,
}

# Report Card grade text → integer (1=Exceptional … 5=Urgent improvement)
RC_GRADE_MAP = {
    "exceptional": 1,
    "strong standard": 2,
    "strong": 2,
    "expected standard": 3,
    "expected": 3,
    "needs attention": 4,
    "urgent improvement": 5,
}

# Column name priority for Report Card fields (best-guess names; Ofsted may vary)
RC_COLUMN_PRIORITY = {
    "rc_safeguarding": [
        "Safeguarding",
        "safeguarding",
        "Safeguarding standards",
    ],
    "rc_inclusion": [
        "Inclusion",
        "inclusion",
    ],
    "rc_curriculum_teaching": [
        "Curriculum and teaching",
        "curriculum_and_teaching",
        "Curriculum & teaching",
    ],
    "rc_achievement": [
        "Achievement",
        "achievement",
    ],
    "rc_attendance_behaviour": [
        "Attendance and behaviour",
        "attendance_and_behaviour",
        "Attendance & behaviour",
    ],
    "rc_personal_development": [
        "Personal development and well-being",
        "Personal development and wellbeing",
        "personal_development_and_wellbeing",
        "Personal development & well-being",
    ],
    "rc_leadership_governance": [
        "Leadership and governance",
        "leadership_and_governance",
        "Leadership & governance",
    ],
    "rc_early_years": [
        "Early years",
        "early_years",
        "Early years provision",
    ],
    "rc_sixth_form": [
        "Sixth form",
        "sixth_form",
        "Sixth form in schools",
    ],
}

DEST_DIR = SUPPLEMENTARY_DIR / "ofsted"


def _discover_csv_url() -> str | None:
    """Scrape the GOV.UK page for the most recent CSV/ZIP link."""
    try:
        resp = requests.get(GOV_UK_PAGE, timeout=30)
        resp.raise_for_status()
        # Look for links to assets.publishing.service.gov.uk CSV or ZIP files
        pattern = r'href="(https://assets\.publishing\.service\.gov\.uk[^"]+\.(?:csv|zip))"'
        urls = re.findall(pattern, resp.text, re.IGNORECASE)
        if urls:
            return urls[0]
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"  Warning: could not scrape GOV.UK page: {e}")
    return None


def download(data_dir: Path | None = None) -> Path:
    dest = (data_dir / "supplementary" / "ofsted") if data_dir else DEST_DIR
    dest.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    url = _discover_csv_url()
    if not url:
        raise RuntimeError(
            "Could not discover Ofsted MI download URL. "
            "Visit https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/"
            "monthly-management-information-ofsteds-school-inspections-outcomes "
            "to get the latest URL and update MANUAL_URL in ofsted.py"
        )

    filename = url.split("/")[-1]
    dest_file = dest / filename

    if dest_file.exists():
        print(f"  Ofsted: {filename} already exists, skipping download.")
        return dest_file

    print(f"  Ofsted: downloading {url} ...")
    resp = requests.get(url, timeout=120, stream=True)
    resp.raise_for_status()
    with open(dest_file, "wb") as f:
        for chunk in resp.iter_content(chunk_size=65536):
            f.write(chunk)

    print(f"  Ofsted: saved {dest_file} ({dest_file.stat().st_size // 1024} KB)")
    return dest_file


def _parse_grade(val) -> int | None:
    if pd.isna(val):
        return None
    key = str(val).strip()
    return GRADE_MAP.get(key)


def _parse_rc_grade(val) -> int | None:
    """Parse a Report Card grade text to integer 1–5."""
    if pd.isna(val):
        return None
    key = str(val).strip().lower()
    return RC_GRADE_MAP.get(key)


def _parse_safeguarding(val) -> bool | None:
    """Parse safeguarding 'Met'/'Not met' to boolean."""
    if pd.isna(val):
        return None
    s = str(val).strip().lower()
    if s == "met":
        return True
    if s in ("not met", "not_met"):
        return False
    return None


def _parse_date(val) -> date | None:
    if pd.isna(val):
        return None
    for fmt in ("%d/%m/%Y", "%Y-%m-%d", "%d-%m-%Y", "%d %B %Y"):
        try:
            return datetime.strptime(str(val).strip(), fmt).date()
        except ValueError:
            pass
    return None


def _framework_for_row(row) -> str | None:
    """Determine inspection framework for a single school row.

    Check RC columns first — if any have a value, it's a Report Card inspection.
    Fall back to OEIF columns. If neither has data, the school has no graded
    inspection on record (return None).
    """
    rc_check_cols = [
        "rc_inclusion", "rc_curriculum_teaching", "rc_achievement",
        "rc_attendance_behaviour", "rc_personal_development",
        "rc_leadership_governance", "rc_safeguarding",
    ]
    for col in rc_check_cols:
        val = row.get(col)
        if val is not None and not (isinstance(val, float) and pd.isna(val)):
            return "ReportCard"

    oeif_check_cols = ["overall_effectiveness", "quality_of_education"]
    for col in oeif_check_cols:
        val = row.get(col)
        if val is not None and not (isinstance(val, float) and pd.isna(val)):
            return "OEIF"

    return None


def load(path: Path | None = None, data_dir: Path | None = None) -> dict:
    if path is None:
        dest = (data_dir / "supplementary" / "ofsted") if data_dir else DEST_DIR
        files = sorted(dest.glob("*.csv")) + sorted(dest.glob("*.zip"))
        if not files:
            raise FileNotFoundError(f"No Ofsted MI file found in {dest}")
        path = files[-1]

    print(f"  Ofsted: loading {path} ...")

    def _find_header_row(filepath, encoding="latin-1"):
        """Scan up to 10 rows to find the one containing a URN column."""
        for i in range(10):
            peek = pd.read_csv(filepath, encoding=encoding, header=i, nrows=0)
            if any(str(c).strip() in ("URN", "Urn", "urn") for c in peek.columns):
                return i
        return 0

    if str(path).endswith(".zip"):
        import zipfile, io
        with zipfile.ZipFile(path) as z:
            csv_names = [n for n in z.namelist() if n.endswith(".csv")]
            if not csv_names:
                raise ValueError("No CSV found inside Ofsted ZIP")
            # Extract to a temp file so we can scan for the header row
            import tempfile, os
            with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".csv", delete=False) as tmp:
                tmp.write(z.read(csv_names[0]))
                tmp_path = tmp.name
            try:
                hdr = _find_header_row(tmp_path)
                df = pd.read_csv(tmp_path, encoding="latin-1", low_memory=False, header=hdr)
            finally:
                os.unlink(tmp_path)
    else:
        hdr = _find_header_row(path)
        df = pd.read_csv(path, encoding="latin-1", low_memory=False, header=hdr)

    # Normalise OEIF column names: for each target field pick the first source column present
    available = set(df.columns)
    for target, sources in COLUMN_PRIORITY.items():
        for src in sources:
            if src in available:
                df.rename(columns={src: target}, inplace=True)
                break

    # Normalise Report Card column names (if present)
    available = set(df.columns)
    for target, sources in RC_COLUMN_PRIORITY.items():
        for src in sources:
            if src in available:
                df.rename(columns={src: target}, inplace=True)
                break

    if "urn" not in df.columns:
        raise ValueError(f"URN column not found. Available: {list(df.columns)[:20]}")

    # Only keep rows with a valid URN
    df["urn"] = pd.to_numeric(df["urn"], errors="coerce")
    df = df.dropna(subset=["urn"])
    df["urn"] = df["urn"].astype(int)

    inserted = updated = skipped = 0

    with get_session() as session:
        # Keep only the most recent inspection per URN
        if "inspection_date" in df.columns:
            df["_date_parsed"] = df["inspection_date"].apply(_parse_date)
            df = df.sort_values("_date_parsed", ascending=False).groupby("urn").first().reset_index()

        from sqlalchemy import text

        for _, row in df.iterrows():
            urn = int(row["urn"])

            record = {
                "urn": urn,
                "framework": _framework_for_row(row),
                "inspection_date": _parse_date(row.get("inspection_date")),
                "publication_date": _parse_date(row.get("publication_date")),
                "inspection_type": str(row.get("inspection_type", "")).strip() or None,
                # OEIF fields
                "overall_effectiveness": _parse_grade(row.get("overall_effectiveness")),
                "quality_of_education": _parse_grade(row.get("quality_of_education")),
                "behaviour_attitudes": _parse_grade(row.get("behaviour_attitudes")),
                "personal_development": _parse_grade(row.get("personal_development")),
                "leadership_management": _parse_grade(row.get("leadership_management")),
                "early_years_provision": _parse_grade(row.get("early_years_provision")),
                "previous_overall": None,
                # Report Card fields
                "rc_safeguarding_met": _parse_safeguarding(row.get("rc_safeguarding")),
                "rc_inclusion": _parse_rc_grade(row.get("rc_inclusion")),
                "rc_curriculum_teaching": _parse_rc_grade(row.get("rc_curriculum_teaching")),
                "rc_achievement": _parse_rc_grade(row.get("rc_achievement")),
                "rc_attendance_behaviour": _parse_rc_grade(row.get("rc_attendance_behaviour")),
                "rc_personal_development": _parse_rc_grade(row.get("rc_personal_development")),
                "rc_leadership_governance": _parse_rc_grade(row.get("rc_leadership_governance")),
                "rc_early_years": _parse_rc_grade(row.get("rc_early_years")),
                "rc_sixth_form": _parse_rc_grade(row.get("rc_sixth_form")),
            }

            session.execute(
                text("""
                    INSERT INTO ofsted_inspections
                        (urn, framework, inspection_date, publication_date, inspection_type,
                         overall_effectiveness, quality_of_education, behaviour_attitudes,
                         personal_development, leadership_management, early_years_provision,
                         previous_overall,
                         rc_safeguarding_met, rc_inclusion, rc_curriculum_teaching,
                         rc_achievement, rc_attendance_behaviour, rc_personal_development,
                         rc_leadership_governance, rc_early_years, rc_sixth_form)
                    VALUES
                        (:urn, :framework, :inspection_date, :publication_date, :inspection_type,
                         :overall_effectiveness, :quality_of_education, :behaviour_attitudes,
                         :personal_development, :leadership_management, :early_years_provision,
                         :previous_overall,
                         :rc_safeguarding_met, :rc_inclusion, :rc_curriculum_teaching,
                         :rc_achievement, :rc_attendance_behaviour, :rc_personal_development,
                         :rc_leadership_governance, :rc_early_years, :rc_sixth_form)
                    ON CONFLICT (urn) DO UPDATE SET
                        previous_overall      = ofsted_inspections.overall_effectiveness,
                        framework             = EXCLUDED.framework,
                        inspection_date       = EXCLUDED.inspection_date,
                        publication_date      = EXCLUDED.publication_date,
                        inspection_type       = EXCLUDED.inspection_type,
                        overall_effectiveness = EXCLUDED.overall_effectiveness,
                        quality_of_education  = EXCLUDED.quality_of_education,
                        behaviour_attitudes   = EXCLUDED.behaviour_attitudes,
                        personal_development  = EXCLUDED.personal_development,
                        leadership_management = EXCLUDED.leadership_management,
                        early_years_provision = EXCLUDED.early_years_provision,
                        rc_safeguarding_met      = EXCLUDED.rc_safeguarding_met,
                        rc_inclusion             = EXCLUDED.rc_inclusion,
                        rc_curriculum_teaching   = EXCLUDED.rc_curriculum_teaching,
                        rc_achievement           = EXCLUDED.rc_achievement,
                        rc_attendance_behaviour  = EXCLUDED.rc_attendance_behaviour,
                        rc_personal_development  = EXCLUDED.rc_personal_development,
                        rc_leadership_governance = EXCLUDED.rc_leadership_governance,
                        rc_early_years           = EXCLUDED.rc_early_years,
                        rc_sixth_form            = EXCLUDED.rc_sixth_form
                """),
                record,
            )
            inserted += 1

            if inserted % 5000 == 0:
                session.flush()
                print(f"    Processed {inserted} records...")

    print(f"  Ofsted: upserted {inserted} records")
    return {"inserted": inserted, "updated": updated, "skipped": skipped}


if __name__ == "__main__":
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument("--action", choices=["download", "load", "all"], default="all")
    parser.add_argument("--data-dir", type=Path, default=None)
    args = parser.parse_args()

    if args.action in ("download", "all"):
        path = download(args.data_dir)
    if args.action in ("load", "all"):
        load(data_dir=args.data_dir)