feat(pipeline): add legacy KS4 backfill (2015/16–2018/19)

Mirrors the existing legacy KS2 pattern to fill the gap before EES hosted
KS4 data. Four files changed:

- tap-uk-ees: LegacyKS4Stream downloads each year's DfE Compare School
  Performance ZIP, extracts england_ks4final.csv, maps 416 legacy columns
  to Singer fields, strips % suffixes. Registered in discover_streams().
  TapUKEES.config_jsonschema gains legacy_ks4_urls setting.

- stg_legacy_ks4.sql: safe_numeric casts + NULL placeholders for columns
  not present in legacy format (ebacc_avg_score, gcse_grade_91_pct,
  prior_attainment_avg, sen_pct).

- int_ks4_with_lineage.sql: adds all_ks4 CTE unioning stg_ees_ks4 and
  stg_legacy_ks4, matching the int_ks2_with_lineage pattern.

- _stg_sources.yml + meltano.yml: source declaration and setting definition
  for legacy_ks4. URLs configured per-year once provided.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

pipeline/meltano.yml

@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ plugins:
         - name: legacy_ks2_urls
           kind: object
           description: "Year code → URL mapping for legacy KS2 CSVs"
+        - name: legacy_ks4_urls
+          kind: object
+          description: "Year code → URL mapping for legacy KS4 ZIPs (england_ks4final.csv inside)"
       config:
         legacy_ks2_urls:
           "201516": "http://10.0.1.224:8081/filebrowser/api/public/dl/R9jjXFWa?inline=true"

pipeline/plugins/extractors/tap-uk-ees/tap_uk_ees/tap.py

@@ -712,6 +712,138 @@ class LegacyKS2Stream(Stream):
                 yield record
 
 
+# ── Legacy KS4 (pre-EES wide format from DfE performance tables) ──────────────
+# The DfE "Compare School Performance" ZIPs include england_ks4final.csv in a
+# wide format (one row per school, ~416 columns, uppercase abbreviated names).
+# EES only hosts 2 years of KS4 data; this stream backfills 2015-16 to 2018-19.
+# Column mapping: old DfE CSV column → Singer field name (matches stg output).
+
+_LEGACY_KS4_COLUMN_MAP = {
+    "URN":              "urn",
+    "TPUP":             "total_pupils",
+    # Attainment 8
+    "ATT8SCR":          "attainment_8_score",
+    # Progress 8
+    "P8MEA":            "progress_8_score",
+    "P8CILOW":          "progress_8_lower_ci",
+    "P8CIUPP":          "progress_8_upper_ci",
+    "P8MEAENG":         "progress_8_english",
+    "P8MEAMAT":         "progress_8_maths",
+    "P8MEAEBAC":        "progress_8_ebacc",
+    "P8MEAOPEN":        "progress_8_open",
+    # English & Maths pass rates (% suffix stripped at extract time)
+    "PTL2BASICS_95":    "english_maths_strong_pass_pct",
+    "PTL2BASICS_94":    "english_maths_standard_pass_pct",
+    # EBacc
+    "PTEBACC_E_PTQ_EE": "ebacc_entry_pct",
+    "PTEBACC_95":       "ebacc_strong_pass_pct",
+    "PTEBACC_94":       "ebacc_standard_pass_pct",
+    # Context
+    "PSENSE4":          "sen_ehcp_pct",
+    "PSENAPK4":         "sen_support_pct",
+}
+
+
+class LegacyKS4Stream(Stream):
+    """Stream for pre-EES KS4 data from DfE 'Compare School Performance' ZIPs.
+
+    Downloads ZIPs from URLs configured in legacy_ks4_urls (a mapping of
+    6-digit year code → download URL), extracts england_ks4final.csv from each,
+    maps old DfE column names to match stg_ees_ks4 output schema, and emits
+    one record per school per year.  The % suffix present on percentage columns
+    (e.g. "39.60%") is stripped here so safe_numeric in dbt can cast cleanly.
+    """
+
+    name = "legacy_ks4"
+    primary_keys = ["urn", "year"]
+    replication_key = None
+
+    schema = th.PropertiesList(
+        th.Property("urn",                            th.StringType, required=True),
+        th.Property("year",                           th.StringType, required=True),
+        th.Property("total_pupils",                   th.StringType),
+        th.Property("attainment_8_score",             th.StringType),
+        th.Property("progress_8_score",               th.StringType),
+        th.Property("progress_8_lower_ci",            th.StringType),
+        th.Property("progress_8_upper_ci",            th.StringType),
+        th.Property("progress_8_english",             th.StringType),
+        th.Property("progress_8_maths",               th.StringType),
+        th.Property("progress_8_ebacc",               th.StringType),
+        th.Property("progress_8_open",                th.StringType),
+        th.Property("english_maths_strong_pass_pct",  th.StringType),
+        th.Property("english_maths_standard_pass_pct", th.StringType),
+        th.Property("ebacc_entry_pct",                th.StringType),
+        th.Property("ebacc_strong_pass_pct",          th.StringType),
+        th.Property("ebacc_standard_pass_pct",        th.StringType),
+        th.Property("sen_ehcp_pct",                   th.StringType),
+        th.Property("sen_support_pct",                th.StringType),
+    ).to_dict()
+
+    def get_records(self, context):
+        import pandas as pd
+
+        url_map = self.config.get("legacy_ks4_urls", {})
+        if not url_map:
+            self.logger.warning("legacy_ks4_urls not configured, skipping legacy KS4")
+            return
+
+        self.logger.info("Loading legacy KS4 for %d year(s)", len(url_map))
+
+        for year_code, url in url_map.items():
+            self.logger.info("Downloading %s for %s", url, year_code)
+            try:
+                resp = requests.get(url, timeout=120)
+                resp.raise_for_status()
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.logger.warning("Failed to download %s: %s", url, e)
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                zf = zipfile.ZipFile(io.BytesIO(resp.content))
+            except zipfile.BadZipFile as e:
+                self.logger.warning("Not a ZIP for %s: %s", year_code, e)
+                continue
+
+            # Find england_ks4final.csv inside the ZIP
+            target = next(
+                (n for n in zf.namelist() if "ks4final" in n.lower() and n.endswith(".csv")),
+                None,
+            )
+            if not target:
+                self.logger.warning("england_ks4final.csv not found in ZIP for %s", year_code)
+                continue
+
+            with zf.open(target) as f:
+                df = pd.read_csv(
+                    f,
+                    dtype=str,
+                    keep_default_na=False,
+                    encoding="latin-1",
+                )
+
+            # Strip BOM from first column name
+            cols = list(df.columns)
+            if cols:
+                cols[0] = cols[0].lstrip("\ufeff").lstrip("")
+                df.columns = cols
+
+            # Filter to school-level rows: URN must be a plain integer
+            if "URN" in df.columns:
+                df = df[df["URN"].str.match(r"^\d+$", na=False)]
+
+            self.logger.info("Emitting %d schools for %s", len(df), year_code)
+
+            for _, row in df.iterrows():
+                record = {"year": year_code}
+                for old_col, new_col in _LEGACY_KS4_COLUMN_MAP.items():
+                    val = row.get(old_col, "")
+                    # Strip % suffix — legacy DfE CSVs use "39.60%" not "39.60"
+                    if isinstance(val, str) and val.endswith("%"):
+                        val = val[:-1]
+                    record[new_col] = val
+                yield record
+
+
 class TapUKEES(Tap):
     """Singer tap for UK Explore Education Statistics."""
 
@@ -730,6 +862,11 @@ class TapUKEES(Tap):
             th.ObjectType(),
             description="Mapping of 6-digit year code to download URL for legacy KS2 CSVs (e.g. {\"201819\": \"https://...\"})",
         ),
+        th.Property(
+            "legacy_ks4_urls",
+            th.ObjectType(),
+            description="Mapping of 6-digit year code to download URL for legacy KS4 ZIPs (e.g. {\"201819\": \"https://...\"})",
+        ),
     ).to_dict()
 
     def discover_streams(self):
@@ -741,6 +878,7 @@ class TapUKEES(Tap):
             EESCensusStream(self),
             EESAdmissionsStream(self),
             LegacyKS2Stream(self),
+            LegacyKS4Stream(self),
             EESKs2NationalStream(self),
         ]
 

pipeline/transform/models/intermediate/int_ks4_with_lineage.sql

@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
 -- Intermediate model: KS4 data chained across academy conversions
+-- Unions EES (2023/24 onwards) and legacy (2015/16–2018/19) school-level data
 
-with current_ks4 as (
+with all_ks4 as (
+    select * from {{ ref('stg_ees_ks4') }}
+    union all
+    select * from {{ ref('stg_legacy_ks4') }}
+),
+
+current_ks4 as (
     select
         urn as current_urn,
         urn as source_urn,
@@ -11,8 +18,8 @@ with current_ks4 as (
         english_maths_strong_pass_pct, english_maths_standard_pass_pct,
         ebacc_entry_pct, ebacc_strong_pass_pct, ebacc_standard_pass_pct, ebacc_avg_score,
         gcse_grade_91_pct,
-        sen_pct, sen_ehcp_pct, sen_support_pct
+        sen_pct, sen_support_pct, sen_ehcp_pct
-    from {{ ref('stg_ees_ks4') }}
+    from all_ks4
 ),
 
 predecessor_ks4 as (
@@ -27,12 +34,12 @@ predecessor_ks4 as (
         ks4.english_maths_strong_pass_pct, ks4.english_maths_standard_pass_pct,
         ks4.ebacc_entry_pct, ks4.ebacc_strong_pass_pct, ks4.ebacc_standard_pass_pct, ks4.ebacc_avg_score,
         ks4.gcse_grade_91_pct,
-        ks4.sen_pct, ks4.sen_ehcp_pct, ks4.sen_support_pct
+        ks4.sen_pct, ks4.sen_support_pct, ks4.sen_ehcp_pct
-    from {{ ref('stg_ees_ks4') }} ks4
+    from all_ks4 ks4
     inner join {{ ref('int_school_lineage') }} lin
         on ks4.urn = lin.predecessor_urn
     where not exists (
-        select 1 from {{ ref('stg_ees_ks4') }} curr
+        select 1 from all_ks4 curr
         where curr.urn = lin.current_urn
           and curr.year = ks4.year
     )

pipeline/transform/models/staging/_stg_sources.yml

@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ sources:
       - name: ees_ks4_info
         description: KS4 school information (wide format — context/demographics per school)
 
+      - name: legacy_ks4
+        description: Pre-EES KS4 school-level data (2015/16–2018/19) from DfE Compare School Performance ZIPs
+
       - name: ees_census
         description: School census pupil characteristics
 

pipeline/transform/models/staging/stg_legacy_ks4.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+{{ config(materialized='table') }}
+
+-- Staging model: Legacy KS4 data from pre-EES DfE performance tables
+-- Covers 2015/16 – 2018/19; EES provides 2023/24 onwards.
+-- The tap already maps old column names and strips % suffixes;
+-- this model just applies safe_numeric casts and adds NULL placeholders
+-- for columns not available in the legacy format.
+
+select
+    cast(trim(urn) as integer) as urn,
+    cast(trim(year) as integer) as year,
+
+    {{ safe_numeric('total_pupils') }}::integer as total_pupils,
+    {{ safe_numeric('total_pupils') }}::integer as eligible_pupils,
+    null::numeric                               as prior_attainment_avg,
+
+    -- Attainment 8
+    {{ safe_numeric('attainment_8_score') }} as attainment_8_score,
+
+    -- Progress 8
+    {{ safe_numeric('progress_8_score') }}    as progress_8_score,
+    {{ safe_numeric('progress_8_lower_ci') }} as progress_8_lower_ci,
+    {{ safe_numeric('progress_8_upper_ci') }} as progress_8_upper_ci,
+    {{ safe_numeric('progress_8_english') }}  as progress_8_english,
+    {{ safe_numeric('progress_8_maths') }}    as progress_8_maths,
+    {{ safe_numeric('progress_8_ebacc') }}    as progress_8_ebacc,
+    {{ safe_numeric('progress_8_open') }}     as progress_8_open,
+
+    -- English & Maths pass rates
+    {{ safe_numeric('english_maths_strong_pass_pct') }}   as english_maths_strong_pass_pct,
+    {{ safe_numeric('english_maths_standard_pass_pct') }} as english_maths_standard_pass_pct,
+
+    -- EBacc
+    {{ safe_numeric('ebacc_entry_pct') }}         as ebacc_entry_pct,
+    {{ safe_numeric('ebacc_strong_pass_pct') }}   as ebacc_strong_pass_pct,
+    {{ safe_numeric('ebacc_standard_pass_pct') }} as ebacc_standard_pass_pct,
+    null::numeric                                 as ebacc_avg_score,
+
+    -- GCSE grade 9-1 (not published in legacy format)
+    null::numeric as gcse_grade_91_pct,
+
+    -- SEN
+    null::numeric                           as sen_pct,
+    {{ safe_numeric('sen_support_pct') }}   as sen_support_pct,
+    {{ safe_numeric('sen_ehcp_pct') }}      as sen_ehcp_pct
+
+from {{ source('raw', 'legacy_ks4') }}
+where urn is not null
+  and urn ~ '^[0-9]+$'